Ch 1: Natural Selection
This evolution is said to occur when a biological trait evolves in two unrelated species as a result of exposure to similar environments.
What is convergent evolution?
Members of a clade always share
What are synapomorphies
These are the 2 Hardy-Weinberg equations
p+q=1
p2+2pq+q2=1
When two populations are separated by a physical barrier and become reproductively isolated
What is allopatric speciation
This is the geographical region where the ranges of two species overlap.
What is a hybrid zone?
This is the difference between the theory of natural selections and Lamark theory
Lamarck said that organism acquire traits during their lifetime and then pass them on to heir offspring
A group of organisms and their common ancestors
What is a clade?
These 2 evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population
What are mutations and gene flow?
Reinforcement is most likely to occur when
hybrids have lower fitness than either parent population.
These types of phenotypes are favored in disruptive selection
Both of the extremes phenotypes
These are the evidence for evolution
Comparative anatomy, fossil record, direct observation, biogeography and DNA comparison
Your professor wants you to construct a phylogenetic tree of Lilies. She gives you tissue from seven Lilies species and one Orchid. What is the most likely reason she gave you the Orchid?
what is to serve as an outgroup
Mice with white or black fur are favored over gray mice.
What is disruptive selection?
Polyploidy is the most common mechanism for this type of speciation.
What is sympatric speciation?
This scenario refers to this evolutionary mechanism:
There are two populations of deer that live on either side of a mountain range. Every few generations some deer will make their way to the other side and join the other population.
What is Gene Flow
These are the misconception of evolution
What are: not explain origin of life, individuals Cannot Evolve, cannot Evolve on Purpose, cannot produce the perfect organism, no goal of making perfect organism
Two species have similar anatomy due to common ancestry.
What is homologous structure?
You have sampled a population in which you know that the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa) is 36%. This is the value of p-
What is 0.4 or 40%
These are the 3 types of reproductive isolation mechanisms.
What are temporal, gametic, behavioral
Bat wings, cat paws, and whale fins are an example of this
what are Homolgous structures
These are the 4 things needed for natural selection to happen
What are variation, heredity, reproductive success, and Differential success based on adaptation
Best phylogenetic tree has the fewest evolutionary changes.
What is parsimony?
A change in a gene pool of a small population due to chance.
What is genetic drift?
This species concept is based upon shared derived traits.
What is the phylogenetic species concept?
This refers to this evolution mechanism: Female Peacocks are attracted to big vibrant tail feathers.
What is Non-Random Mating