Earthquakes
Name the three types of seismic waves
P waves, S waves, and surface waves
What are the 3 types of volcanoes by shape
Shield, Cinder cone, Composite cone
What are the three main layers of the earth?
Crust, Mantle, Core
What is the Moho (Moho region)
lower boundary of the crust
What are 3 safety tips that are useful during an earthquake
Varies
The name of the belt (zone) that is the most active earthquake region (aka Ring of Fire)
Circum-Pacific belt
The reservoir of molten rock at the base of a volcano
Magma Chamber
What are the four types of mountains?
Volcanic, Domed, Folding, Fault-blocking
Elevation (and natural features)
What are 2 warning signs that a volcano might erupt soon
Swelling and earthquakes
What is the difference between the hypocenter and the epicenter?
Hypocenter is below the surface, epicenter is point on surface directly above the hypocenter
What is the most dangerous feature of a volcano and why?
Pyroclastic flow…because it contains toxic gasses and can get caught in the atmosphere and travel for miles
Name the three types of faults
Normal, Strike-slip, Thrust
What are aftershocks
Smaller earthquakes that follow an earthquake, can last for days, weeks, or months
Give at least 2 types of engineering that have made buildings safer in earthquakes
Any Two: fixed base, base isolated system, energy dissipating devices
What are the three scales seismologist use for earthquakes
Richter, Mercalli, Moment magnitude
Explain the difference between an active, a dormant, and an extinct volcano
Active-currently erupting/producing activity
Dormant- inactive, could erupt again
Extinct- not likely to erupt again
How do plate tectonics explain the geographical features on earth?
Their movement causes many of the geographical features on earth
What are igneous intrusions
Magma solidifies underground in pockets, different intrusions based on how it solidifies
Huge bowl-shaped craters produced by volcanoes create this type of structure
Calderas
Since P waves travel the fastest, if an earthquake is farther away, there will be a longer interval between the P and S waves being recorded
Name and describe 2 types of pyroclasts
Volcanic Ash- smallest solid particle
Lapilli- larger than volcanic ash
Volcanic bombs- large particles, round in shape
Volcanic blasts- large particles, irregular in shape
How are seismic waves used to analyze the layers of earth?
By measuring how different types of waves are able to travel within the earth. Different waves are able to travel through different materials.
Explain the elastic rebound theory
Rocks along a fault spring back to a position of little strain during an earthquake
The point at which an earthquake begins
Hypocenter