Marx vs Raymond
Who believed that the superstructure is what mediates a society
Raymond Williams
What university did Stuart Hall help Professor Richard Hoggart found the Centre of Contemporary Cultural Studies?
University of Birmingham in 1964
Art is ______
Practice
“That is why ________ is not to be understood at the level of mere opinion or mere manipulation. It is a whole body of practives and expectations; our assignments of energy, our ordinary understanding of the nature of the man of his world. It is a set of meanings and values which as they are exprireced as practicies appear as reciprocally conforming. It thus constitutes a sense of reality for most people in the society,
Which clip attacks the role of the media in shaping racial perceptions
Black panther
Williams says Hegemony is not a static state either, it's not a means of manipulation. It's a _______
Complex power structure continuously modified and developed into new forms of culture
The reality of race in any society is?
Media meditated
what is base?
the specific activities of men in society and economics
He says that _____ is never static or uniform since there are deep contradictions in the relationships of production thereby effecting the social relations. The _____ can thus be seen as a continuous process and not as a ‘state of being’ or as being static and constant.
Base
Which clip attacks the role of the media in shaping gender stereotypes
Wonder Woman
Williams goes against Marx’s points and says what?
social beings determine consciousness.
Stuart Hall says "If you go to racism today, in its complex structures and dynamics, one question, one principle above all emerges as a lesson for us. It is the fear, the terrifying internal fear" What fear is he talking about?
Fear of living with difference.
What is superstructure?
related range of cultural practices
________ wherever they exist, reflect the rapidly shifting ground of thought and knowledge, argument and debate about a society and about its own culture. It's an activity of intellectual self-reflection. It operates both inside and outside the academy. It represents something indeed of the weakening of the traditional boundaries between the disciplines and the growth of forms of interdisciplinary research, which don't easily fit or can't be contained within the confines of the existing division of knowledge. As such, it represents inevitably a point of disturbance, a place of necessary tension and change in at least two senses.
Cultural studies
The Hollywood palace said about Aretha Franklin "she doesn't sing soul she is _____.
Soul
what does art require?
Human interpretation
Why does Stuart Hall say "One thing which cultural studies has taught me is indeed not to speak of racism in the singular but of racisms in the plural. "
(specific history) The importance of historical specificity, of the specificity of each cultural configuration and pattern
What is hegemony?
A complex power structure continuously modified and developed into new forms of culture
Its capacity to punctuate the universe into two great opposites masks something else. It masks the complexes of feelings, attitudes, beliefs, and conceptions, which are always refusing to be so neatly stabilized and fixed. The great divisions of _____ as a structure of knowledge and representation are also now; it seems to me, a deep system of defense.
Racism
In 1950 a new generation started looking at other areas of life asking: could the experiences of ordinary people be a part of culture too? who was the first of these thinkers to break away from the crowd.
Raymond Williams.
When it comes to the “base” it is never static or frozen, and it relies on human activity. what type of human activity does it rely on?
the specific activities of men in a social and economic relationships.
What example(s) did Stuart Hall give when talking about the "dream life" of culture?
Popular television (Hill Street Blues, Miami vice)
What is subjectivity?
allows for new forms of identity
So piano-maker is ____, but pianist _________
(2 different words)
base, superstructure
What was the name of the film Raymond Williams did with BBC where he crossed the cultural borders of his home and his work?
Border country