Level 1
What organisms are used to study Olfaction?
Drosopholia fruit flies
Release site of chemical information at __________.
Presynaptic terminal
formation of new vesicle from endosome is called
budding
Inhibiting _______________ would increase amount of acetylcholine to reach synaptic cleft.
Acetylcholinesterase
When serotonin receptor GPCR (G-protein coupled receptors) on the presynaptic terminal couples to and binds to a G-protein this activates an enzyme called:
Adenylyl cyclase
Which brain lobe is responsible for language, hearing processing sounds, recognizing happy/sad faces-facial recognition?
Temporal
The signal communicate between 2 different nerve populations
Calcium from presynaptic terminal comes from the ____________.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Name some amines?
Chemo sensory systems fall into 3 sets of systems:
Olfactory system -smell
Gustatory system - taste
Trigeminal system (irritants) – chewing, biting, mechano-sensory behaviors in the face
All Nerve cells are different populations of nerve cells and can look completely different based on __________.
Functionality
3 types of glial cells
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells
Name 2 large molecule neurotransmitters.
serotonin and dopamine
Only 6% of serotonin is made in the brain, 90% is made in the ________________________.
Gastrointestinal tract- enterochromaffin cells
Odorants are sensed through olfactory receptor neurons present in a structure known as __________.
Olfactory epithelium
Space between each nerve cell and connection between two nerve cells is a ____________.
Synapse
What are 2 types of neurotransmitters?
Small molecule neurotransmitters- fast signals essential to CNS, PNS, skeletal muscle, etc.
neuropeptides – small peptides in nervous system secreted on one nerve to another nerve.
What is the first identified neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Nerve cells in different regions become connected by __________.
Axonal pathways
Axons from olfactory receptor neurons project to the ________.
Olfactory bulb
Synapse has 2 forms of communication:
Chemical synapses: chemical signal
Gap junction: electrical junction
Name 3 small molecule neurotransmitters.
Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Gaba
Glycine
The enzyme that takes takes Acetyl CoA + Choline = > acetylcholine
Choline acetyl transferase
Serotonin released on to nerves of the siphon enhances __________ to be released.
glutamate
Odors sensed by the olfactory system may completely change in representation dependent on the _________.
Concentration