Society of Each
In which society did peasants live in communities called ayulla?
Inca Society
True or False? The Incas and Aztecs both had monotheistic religions.
False
What group of people built the Aztec Empire?
The Mexica
What was the administrative, religious, and ceremonial center of the Inca Empire?
Cuzco
What were aboriginal people?
People who ventured over vast stretches of their continent and created networks of trade and exhange between hunting and gathering societies.
What social class of the Mexica society formed a council whose members filled government positions?
Warriors
What was ritual bloodletting and why did the Mexica do this?
Form of self-sacrifice by letting blood flow because they believed that gods had set the world in motion through individual sacrifice and by letting their own blood flow they were keeping the world in motion.
Under which two Aztec rulers did they launch a series of military campaigns of imperial expansion?
Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I
What was quipu?
A mnemonic aid to keep track of responsibilities by using an array of small cords and knots of different colors and lengths.
What did Woodland people use the mounds for?
They used them as stages for ceremonies and rituals, platforms for dwellings, and occasionally as burial sites.
What society viewed their ruler as a god descended from the sun who was absolute and infallible?
The Incas
Name one of the Incan gods and what they stood for?
Inti: Sun god and major deity
Viracocha: Creator of the world, humankind, and everything else in the universe
What were chinampas?
System of agriculture in which rich and fertile muck from the lakes bottom was pulled up to be built in to small plots; very fertile and productive that provided more harvests.
What two kingdoms dominated the highlands and lowlands before the Inas arrived and took it over?
The Chucuito and Chimu Kingdoms
Who was the group of people inhabiting the larger Pacific Islands?
Polynesians
What did accomplished Mexica warriors receive?
Tribute from subject peoples
Extensive land grants
Best foods, clothing, dressed in bright clothing
Who was Huitzilopochtli and what was he the patron deity of?
Mexica god who was the patron deity of warriors and the Aztecs demanded sacrificial victims in order to keep the war god in their favor.
Explain the Aztec bureaucracy and administration
It was not sophisticated and they allowed their conquered subjects to govern themselves as long as they paid tribute.
Who was the Incan ruler who was also known as the "Earthshaker" and led a series of military campaigns that expanded the Inca's authority
Pachacuti
What was the effect of long-distance voyaging on Hawai'i and Tahiti?
It connected the two islands so that they could exhange goods, technologies, and language.
Instead of Incan peasants paying taxes or tribute, what did they give to the aristocrats?
Cultivated state land
Owed compulsory labor services to Inca state (construction, maintenance, and repair)
Women owed tribute through production of textiles, pottery, and jewelry
Explain two concepts of Incan moral thought.
Sin as a violation of the established social or natural order
Life beyond death
Karma
Confession
What was the main objective of the Triple Alliance between the Mexica, Texcoco, and Tlacopan after their conquest?
They wanted to exact tribute from subject peoples to grow in wealth.
What did the Incan ruler Pachacuti do to help the Incan administration?
Implemented taxes
State-owned storehouses to stock surpluses
Began to construct extensive network of roads
Who was the large scale agricultural society that emerged in the woodlands east of the Mississippi River and had established a distinct society in an American city.
Iroquois people