Neoplasms/Cancer
What is the difference between Benign and Malignant cells?
Benign is noncancerous
Malignant cancerous
How can we prevent infections?
hand hygiene
don't share personal items
cover your mouth
What is hydrostatic pressure?
The force that fluid exerts against the capillary walls
Cardinal signs of inflammation
7.35-7.45
Cachexia is?
Physical wasting with loss of weight and muscle mass due to disease
what are the infection-causing organisms?
bacteria
virus
fungi
the normal range for potassium and what do the imbalances affect
3.5-5 Cardiac issues
describe acute inflammation
-almost immediate
-removes injurious agents, limits tissue damage
-chemical mediators affect blood vessels and nerves in the damaged area
Ph when higher vs lower
When lower it is more acidic
When higher it has alkaline
What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
Modifies and transports proteins out of the cell
What is the prodromal period?
Early symptoms
What is the normal range for sodium and what would the imbalances lead to
135-145 neuro changes
what are some of the chemical mediators?
Histamine
Cytokines
prostaglandins
what is the condition when you compensate by hyperventilating?
respiratory alkalosis
distinguish between grading and staging of neoplasms
grading: reflection of the degree of differentiation or undifferentiation
-staging: classification of tumors that reflects the extent of disease
What is the convalescent period?
It is the body going back to normal after an infection
Where are Osmoreceptors and what do they do?
Cells in the hypothalamus and they involved in the thirst mechanism
3 types of healing
Resolution-minimal tissue damage
Regenerating -injured cells replaced with cells of the same type
Replacement- scar
an elevated serum pH causes a condition known as:
alkalosis
identify the warning signs of cancer
-unusual bleeding
-discharge anywhere
-change in bowel or bladder habits
-change in wart or mole
-a sore that does not heal
-unexplained weight loss
-anemia or low hemoglobin
-persistent fatigue
-persistent cough or hoarseness without reason
-solid lump, often painless, in breast/testes/or anywhere in the body
what is the chain of infection?
infectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
What is RAAS and what does it do?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system it reabsorbs water to conserve sodium levels
List the body's 3 defense systems and whether or not they are specific or non-specific
mechanical barrier (non-specific)
inflammatory response (non-specific)
immune response to a problem (specific)
Hypovolemia compensatory mechanisms
RAAS
ADH
Aldosterone