Biological Influences
large organ of the CNS located within the skull, that is responsible for cognition and mental processes, and control of the body and its functions
The Brain
outline the difference between fine and gross motor skills
Fine- skills that require coordination of the small precise movements of the hand and face
define attitude
a relatively enduring and general evulation of an object, person, group, issue or concept
defone social influence
change in an individuals behaviour, emotion and thought caused by other people.
define anti social
voluntary, intentional behaviour, designed to physically or psychological hurt others
The division of teh autonomic nervous system that operates to slow down and calm the bodywhen it is no longer threatened.
The Parasympathetic Nervous System
Define language acquisition
across the lifespan refers to the process whereby people learn and adopt language.
define cognitive dissonance
list the 3 levels of social influence in order
compliance, identification and internalisation.
define diffusion of responsibility
the presence of others makes an individual feel less responsible for acting, believing its others responsilbility.
Dilating pupils, widening bronchials and constricting blood vessels is controlled by
Sympathetic nervous system of teh Autonomic Nervous system.
Explain the difference between adaptive and developmental plasticity
adaptive- ability for neural connectionto adapt and grow throughout life, after learning or brain injury.
developmental-changes in neural connections that occir in foetal, infant, childhood and adolescence due to environment and learning.
Identify the aim and results of Festinger and Carlsmiths cogntive consequences of forced compliance
aim: to identify the effect of congnitive dissonance when an individual is forced to act in a way that is contrary to their beliefs.
Results: control group rated the experience the least interesting, and the $1 condition being much more enjoyable
define conformity and list the researcher who contributed to its understanding
the change in thoughts, behaviours, and values in response to group pressure so they are more consistent with the group. Ash's line study contributed emperical evidnece
list 3 reasons why the bystander effect occurs
any 3
diffusion of responsibility
audience inhibition
proximity to victim
nature of bystander
process of neural transmission
reception of chemical message, condiction along dendrite, conduction along the axon as an all or non response, chemical transmission across the synapse
Define Plasticity of the brain
flexibility and adaptability, also known as neuroplasticity, and is the abilitiy for the nervous system to change in repsonse to experience or environmental stimulation.
define attribution and list the two types
the process of explain the causes of behaviour.
the two types- internal/dispositional
external/situational
aim: to determine if indivuals would conform to group pressure on a line judgement task
results- 75% conformed on at least 1 trial and 50% on 6 or more
conclusion- when in a group setting, individuals are likely to conform to group pressure.
what are the 2 motivators for prosocial behaviour
egoistic motivation and altruistic motivatio
Function of the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain
forbrain-part that plays a role in thoughts/cognition, emotions/affect and actions/behaviour.
Midbrain- sensory switchboard recieving senory info and sending to the higher brain regions for response.Hindbrain- coordination function that are fundamental to survival, sleep/wake, respiratory rhythm
List the stages in order of brain plasticity
Proliferation, migration, circuit formation, synaptive pruning, myelination
list an advantage and disadvantage of stereotyping
enables rapid response to situations, and enable you to remember info about people who fit stereotypes
makes us ignor differences and they can be harmful
Identify a strength and 2 limitation of the Ash line study
easility replicated or idenitfied factors that influence conformiy
limits
biased sample
artifical task - low ecological validity
ethical issues- psychologcal distress
outline the finding of latane and darley's smoke filled room
alone condition generally respond 75% responded and reported
passive- noticed and then ignored, 10% reported in allocated time