1-5
the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group
Culture
painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints
Fresco
Yearly
Annual
A political system in which a ruler hold total power
Absolutism
an administrative organization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures
Bureaucracy
believing in one God
Monotheism
the language of everyday speech in a particular region
Vernacular
the state of being saved (that is, going to heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works
Salvation
“great names”; the head of noble families in Japan who controlled vast landed estates and relied on samurai for protection
Daimyo
a policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations
Isolationist
the belief in or worship of more than one god.
Polytheism
indifference to or rejection of religion or religious consideration
Secularization
a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death
Indulgence
a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century; it held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver
Mercantilism
a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers
Enlightened absolutism
form of government where the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote
Republic
a leader in the Spanish conquest of the Americas
Conquistador
A fleet of warships
Armada
sun-centered; the system of the universe in which the Earth and planets revolve around the sun
Heliocentric
rights with which all humans are born, including the rights to life, liberty, and property
Natural Rights
political disorder; lawlessness
Anarchy
a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control
Colony
the independence of a state combined with the right and power of regulating itself without foreign interference
National Sovriengty
Earth-centered; a system of planetary motion in which the sun, moon, and other planets revolve around the Earth
Geocentric
a form of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances
Separation of Powers