American Zoos: A Brief History
Founded in 1924, what organization "dedicated to the advancement of zoos and aquariums in the areas of conservation, education, science, and recreation?"
AZA
What is the term that defines forms of nature that have been transformed by human activity?
Second nature
What is the study of the distribution patterns of animals in nature and of the processes that regulate these distributions?
Zoogeography
What term refers to the illusion of nature in the midst of the modern zoo's urban space?
"Immersion design"
What exhibited the power and wealth of the ruler, and mostly lacked any scientific or educational agendas?
Royal menageries
Roderick Nash notes that appreciation of wilderness began where?
Cities
The zoo appeals to the public by associating itself with what?
Nature
What zoo was the first American zoo designed from its inception around the "natural habitat" philosophy?
North Carolina Zoo
Who is often considered the founder of modern zoos, made the first steps in this direction when he opened the first bar-less zoo in the world in 1907?
Carl Hagenbeck
As part of its location in the metropolis, the zoo offers an affordable escape from urban life, which is called?
"Illusion of nature"
What zoo was the first to introduce zoogeography design on a large scale?
The Toronto Zoo
What were the problems with adhering to strictly naturalistic exhibits?
The diverse exhibits are a fraction of what animals have in the wild. There needs to be enrichment and training.
In America, during what transition did zoos come into existence?
From a rural and agricultural nation to an urban and industrial one.
Desmond Morris said that North American zoos are a product and symbol of what?
What activity is necessary for establishing an authentic sense of difference between the geographic regions represented in a zoo's space?
Walking
How are immersion exhibits designed so that they reduce the stress of the animals, but immerse the visitors?
They are designed to buffer animals from the stress invoked by the sound of visitors. At the same time, these exhibits also re-create and intensify animal sounds for the visitors.
The emergence of what discipline and movement in the 1970s has brought about the most recent stage in the zoo's institutional evolution: the zoo as a biopark or conservation society?
Discipline of ecology and environmental movement
What term describes the dual existence of the zoo in between the natural and the urban?
"Middle landscape"
What was presented at the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London, in the form of a brick rotunda into which the visitor entered to see plaster casts of the world's continents and oceans?
Wyld's Great Globe
What is the term used to describe animals that, in a variety of ways, must comply with the human expectations of their improved, humane nature?
Humanized animals