Pain
Gate Control Theory
gate open = pain transmitted
gate closed = pain blocked
Collection of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life shared by a group of people
CULTURE
Sleep state in which dreams occur and vital signs are similar to when awake
REM sleep - Rapid Eye Movement
Abstinence & natural family planning are the only acceptable birth control
Roman Catholic
May seek the help of CURANDERO (folk healer) for illness and disease
Hispanic Americans
Difference between nociceptive and neuropathic pain and example of each
Nociceptive = r/t tissue damage (ex: trauma, burns, surgery)
Neuropathic = dysfunction of nervous system; pain receptors are more sensitive to stimuli (ex: neuropathy, G-B syndrome, HIV, nutritional deficiency)
RACE differs from ETHNICITY in that race is social classification based on ________________ characteristics.
PHYSICAL
Ethnicity = group of people who share common culture based on shared ancestry, social experience, and religion
Secreted during sleep in both children and adolescents
Growth Hormone
Abstain from receiving blood and blood products
Jehovah's Witnesses
Family structure often matriarchal; higher prevalence of sickle cell trait or sickle cell anemia
African Americans
Block pain at the Central Nervous System level (ex: morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone)
Narcotics or Opioids
Formalized system of belief and worship
RELIGION
Spirituality = subjective experience that tries to explain one's relationship with the meaning of life
Relaxation of the soft tissues causing partial or total obstruction of airway - visible respiratory effort but unable to move air past obstruction
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Believe someone must be with the dying family member when the soul leaves the body and the body should not be left alone until burial
Orthodox Judaism
Health care practices are linked to spirituality and living in harmony with universe
American Indians
Medications such as antidepressants or anticonvulsants that can be used for pain control, specifically for neuropathic pain.
Adjuvant medications
The belief that one's own cultural group determines the standard by which other group behaviors should be judged
ETHNOCENTRISM
Ethnocentrism can lead to cultural blindness where there is inability to recognize differences b/w one's own cultural beliefs, values, and practices and those of another culture.
Class of medication used as SHORT-TERM treatment for sleep promotion
Sedatives-Hypnotics
Food must be Halal - no alcohol, pork, or pork by-products
Muslim
Asian Americans
List 4 nonpharmacological methods for pain control
TENS, PENS, Binders/braces, Relaxation, Biofeedback, Distraction, Guided imagery, Music, Massage, Hypnosis (only by trained person)
List 3 areas in which cultural differences are evident
Communication; View of Time; Personal Space; Family Organization; Nutritional Practices; Death & Dying; Healthcare Beliefs
List 4 factors that affect sleep
Shift work, Students, Travel, Snoring partner, Caffeine, Nicotine, Alcohol, Exercising too close to bedtime, Taking nap too late in the day, Stress, Illness, Environmental factors (noise, temp), Hospitalization
Practice Ayurvedic medicine - "hot" and "cold" balance the diet for the disease state
Hinduism
No pork or alcohol - food plays central role in life and sign of caring is often shown by offering food
Arab Americans