Studies and risks
To study health without causing potential harm down the road, researchers often turn to this type of study. What is it?
Correlational studies
What was an ethical implication about Fernald et al.?
Possible stress from collecting saliva from children.
Give an example of an ethical implication in Lazarus and Alfert’s 1964.
Deception about the video
What is anonymity?
Anonymity in psychological research refers to the protection of participants' identities, ensuring that their personal information remains undisclosed and untraceable.
What type of study is considered "safe" from ethical risks?
Meta-analyses
What was an ethical implication abour Chae et al.?
"Seeing the results of one’s implicit racial preferences could be uncomfortable; however, it has been deemed that the knowledge associated with correlating this to telomere length and explicit attitudes outweighs the cost of possible low-level mental discomfort."
Researchers planning studies involving psychological and physical stressors need to respect participants' autonomy. What specific actions can researchers take to uphold this ethical principle in the context of stress studies?
What is an ethical consideration in developing a policy?
Comparing the results of different studies with different measurements involves ethical sensitivity because the results may be subject to certain biases and extraneous variables in their varying research designs.
What type of studies face many ethical limitations when investigating health outcomes, especially due to the potential harm caused in experimental settings?
Experimental studies
Give an example of an ethical consideration in psychological studies
Deception, debriefing, right to withdraw, confidentiality, informed consent, parental consent, harm
Ethical implication about Canon (1914) and Selye (1936).
Made animals suffer mental and physical harm to form a base of knowledge on the effects of stress and how it might connect to humans
Why is it considered irresponsible for researchers to disseminate research outcomes without providing warnings about the methodological limitations of meta-analyses?
Need for caution due to potential ethical implications, emphasizing the responsibility of researchers in communicating the limitations of their findings.
In studies by Perroud et al. and Buss et al., participants answered questions about stress post-genocide. Why is this an ethical risk?
Sensitive topics can be triggering
In research on psychological stress, what ethical principle emphasizes the importance of obtaining informed consent from participants before exposing them to potentially distressing stimuli or situations?
Debriefing
When exploring the effects of physical stress on psychological well-being, researchers must consider the rights and privacy of their participants. What ethical principle underscores the importance of respecting participants' confidentiality, and how can researchers adhere to this principle?
Confidentiality
Why is ethical sensitivity crucial when comparing results from studies with different measurements in meta-analyses?
Potential impact of biases and extraneous variables in diverse research designs, emphasizing the need for ethical consideration in result interpretation?
Differentiate between prospective and retrospective studies
Researchers use retrospective studies to analyze why something happened and to explain a recent event or discovery. Prospective studies differ because they're future-oriented, meaning researchers use them to discover if an event will happen.
Researchers sometimes use this in psychological stress studies to maintain the integrity of the experiment. Which ethical principle requires researchers to fully debrief participants and explain any "tricks" used in the study after its completion?
Deception
Physical stress refers to the strain or pressure exerted on the body due to various external factors or stimuli.
In meta-analyses like Cohen and Wills (1985) and Otte et al. (2004), what ethical obligation do researchers have when it comes to communicating the limitations of their findings?
Responsibility to include warnings about methodological limitations when disseminating research outcomes