Hemodynamics
Oxygenated hemoglobin is found in....
Arterial Blood
What is the main muscle used for breathing?
Diaphragm
What is the FICK equation
VO2 = CO x a-vO2 difference
At rest most of the blood is in what part of the lungs, what about exercise?
The bottom (if standing) at rest
The Apex during exercise
Name all the components of the circulatory system and their functions
Heart - The Pump
Arteries/Arterioles - Carry blood away from heart
Capillaries - Gas exchange
Veins/Venules - carry blood toward the heart
Mean Arterial Pressure is usually at ...
100 mmHg
Airflow depends on
Pressure and Resistance
The gradual increase in heart rate during prolonged exercise is called....
Cardiac Drift
What are the three functions of the respiratory system?
Gas Exchange, Ventilation, Diffusion
What are the two major adjustments of blood flow during exercise
Increased Cardiac Output and Redistribution of blood flow from inactive organs to active muscles
What are the 3 main components of blood
The movement of air is due to what?
Pressure Difference
After 40% VO2 Max changes in Cardiac Output are due solely to......
Increases in Heart Rate
What controls breathing rate?
CO2 and Hydrogen Ion concentration
The primary function of the circulatory system is....
Oxygen and Nutrient Delivery
Resistance depends on....
Length of Vessel, Viscosity of the blood, Radius of the Vessel
Explain the mechanics of breathing
Diaphragm contracts, thoracic cavity increases, air moves in, diaphragm relaxes, thoracic cavity decreases, air moves out
During exercise vasodilation occurs in the ______ and vasoconstriction occurs in the _________.
Skeletal muscles and visceral organs/inactive tissues
If atmospheric pressure is 800 mmHG, what is the partial pressure of Oxygen?
Given: CO2 = .03%, N2= 79.04%, O2 = 20.93%
167.44 mmHg
What is the secondary function of the circulatory system?....
Elimination of waste products and thermoregulation
How can venous return be increased?...
Venoconstriction, Skeletal Muscle Pump, Respiratory Pump
Diseases (COPD, Asthma, Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis), diameter of airway, environment
Changes in HR and BP depend on...
Type, intensity, duration of exercise, and environmental condition
What are the two divisions of the respiratory system and what are their components and functions?
Conducting Zone - Conducts air to respiratory zone, humidifies, warms, and filters airs (trachea, bronchial tree, and bronchioles)
Respiratory Zone - Gas exchange, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs
What are the two circuits that make up circulatory system and what are their functions....
Pulmonary - reoxygenate blood
Systemic - pump oxygenate blood to the whole body