Prehistoric
What type of construction was used in Stonehenge?
Post and lintel
What is the literal definition of Mesopotamia?
The land between two rivers
What are the three periods of ancient Greek art?
Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic
Why don't we know much about the Etruscans?
1. Their language hasn't been deciphered.
2. There is no written history that we understand.
What does the word Amphitheatre mean?
Double theatre (seats all the way around around a central floor)
In which Kingdom were the pyramids of Giza built?
Old Kingdom
What is the main theory/theme regarding most PH artifacts? (based on where they were found)
Burial objects
Which god is depicted on the Code of Hammurabi?
Shamash
What was the function of the Agora?
It was where the community congregated to discuss events of the day, politics, religion, philosophy, and legal matters. The agora served the same purpose in ancient Athens as the town square and town hall in later societies.
What material was used to make Etruscan statues?
Terracotta
What was the Roman Head of a Patrician style called, and why was that important?
Verism
Because they believed that to show their wrinkles/age was a sign of their experience, intelligence and gravitas.
What was the function of King Narmers palette?
A palette for mixing eye shadow
What is the theory about the content (subject matter) of Running Horned woman?
Some kind of ritual
Name three materials that were used to create the Standard of Ur?
Wood, shell, red limestone and lapis lazuli.
What is the meaning and function of Kouros and Kore?
Kouros -"male youth"
Kore translates to "maiden"-a young, chaste woman.
Grave markers.
What is an Apadana, and what was the purpose?
The Apadana was a massive hypostyle hall filled with decorated columns and wall carvings
Used by the King to receive guests.
What architectural feature of the Colosseum did the Romans continue from Greeks architecture, and what are the names of each?
The three types of columns - Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.
Name two changes that Akhenaten made during his rule.
1. Changed the religion to monotheistic (only Aten)
2. Stylistic change in art - more rounded, realistic figures.
3. No roofs on temples, so that the sun shone into them.
What was the main theory about the original purpose of the Ambum Stone?
Pestle (of pestle and mortar)
What was the main material used to build the White Temple and Ziggurat, and why?
Mud - stone was scarce
What was the function of kraters?
Mixing wine with water
What is a triclinium, and why is it called that?
A formal dining room in a Roman building.
Because there are three (the prefix tri) couches around a table
What is a peristyle?
A row of columns surrounding an open space within a building such as a court or internal garden.
What queen pharaoh that we studied often depicted herself as male?
Hatshepsut
Name three animals that are on the Ibex Beaker
Ibex, dogs, and wading birds
What do the lunettes at the top of the Lamassu's head represent?
The goddess Ishtar
There are two sides to the Niobedes krater. What story does one of the sides tell?
One side shows the tragic story of Niobe, whose children were killed by Apollo and Artemis due to her pride.
The other side features Herakles, possibly as a sculpture, surrounded by warriors seeking protection before battle.
Name two differences between an Etruscan temple and a Greek temple.
1. Built out of mud or teracotta - Greeks - marble
2. Statues were placed on top - Greeks - on the frieze or the pediment
3. Wooden unfluted columns - Greeks had three styles.
4. Only had columns in the front. - Greeks - columns throughout the temple.
What was the function of an impluvium?
A collection of rainwater in the peristyle.
What did mortuary temples hold?
offerings made for the dead.