Cell Resp 1
FAD+/FADH and NAD+/NADH
What are electron transporters in cellular respiration?
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?
What is Oxygen?
A protein that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
What is an catalyst?
Pyruvate
The product of Glycolysis
Identify two similarities and two differences between the electron transport chains of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Similarities: located in inner membranes of organelles, H+ concentrations are created, ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP into ATP
Differences: different electron carriers are used, different sources for electrons, NADPH is final electron acceptor in photosynthesis and oxygen is final electron acceptor in cellular respiration
Alcohol Fermentation, lactic acid fermentation
What are examples of anaerobic respiration?
Hydrogen/ Protons are Gained
Electrons are gained
What is reduction?
A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s).
What is an enzyme-substrate complex?
When your cells are not getting enough oxygen during rigorous exercise, fermentation occurs to ensure that your cells get the energy they need. Your muscles burn when this product builds up in your muscle cells
Lactic Acid
Pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme found in the stomach, is essential for digestion. Pepsin functions optimally at approximately 37 degrees celsius. What would most likely result if pepsin's environmental temperature was lowered from 37 degrees celsius to 25 degrees celsius.
Answers vary but should be around : Pepsin would be less efficient at catalyzing reactions due to not being at optimal temperature.
When Oxygen is gained
Protons/ Hydrogens are lost
Electrons are Lost
What is oxidation?
What is the chemical equation of cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H20
A reaction which releases energy
What is an exergonic reaction?
Location of Glycolysis
Cytosol
The cytochrome b6f complex is an integral thylakoid membrane protein that forms an electrochemical gradient by pumping protons. In an experiment, researchers apply a toxin to a plant cell that inhibits the cytochrome b6f complex.
Which of the following explains the most likely effect of this toxin on the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A) NADP+ will not be reduced to NADPH
B) Hydrogen ions will move across the thylakoid membrane using simple diffusion
C) Carbohydrates will not be produces in the stroma
D) ATP synthesis will nto occur.
D) ATP synthesis will not occur
Reasoning: ATP synthesis requires an electrochemical gradient to form across the thylakoid membrane. The toxin prevents the cytochrome B6f complex from forming an electrochemical gradient, so ATP synthesis will not occur during the light reaction of photosynthesis.
This is the channel protein that allows for protons (H+) to move down the concentration gradient.
ATP synthase.
How many ATP molecules are produced as a result of aerobic cellular respiration?
What are, ideally, 32 ATP molecules?
Temperature and pH
What is factors that affect enzymes shape and structure?
2 ATP
Methotrexate is a drug that is commonly used to treat cancers and autoimmune diseases in humans. It functions by binding to the active site of the enzyme DHFR, preventing both DNA synthesis and excess cell proliferation.
Which of the following terms best describes methotrexate?
A) Allosteric activator
B) Competitive Inhibitor
C) Cofactor
D) Noncompetitive inhibitor
B) Competitive inhibitor
Reasoning: According to the text, methotrexate binds to the active site of DHFR and inhibits its activity. This describes a competitive inhibitor, which functions by binding in place of an enzyme's typical substrate, there by limiting enzyme activity.
What are the parts of cellular respiration that is anaerobic?
What is glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation?
Where does the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) occur?
Where is the mitochondrial matrix?
A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics.
What is a competitive inhibitor?
Pyruvate is oxidized for the citric acid cycle
NADH is used to replace electrons in the ETC
ATP is used to power Glycolysis and other metabolic processes
Cellular metabolism is a series of reactions coupled together to generate the necessary products and energy required to keep the cell alive. Identify the substances that are energy transfer molecules and those that are energy storage molecules.
Energy Transfer: ATP, NAD+, FAD+
Energy Storage: ADP, Glucose, FADH2, NADH