Bourbon Triumvirate
What political party dominated Georgia politics throughout the New South era?
Democratic Party
What was Grady trying to convince Northerners to do?
Invest in industry
What two groups joined to create the Populist Party?
poor farmers and middle class merchants
What were Jim Crow laws?
Laws passed in the South to take away most of the citizenship rights of African-Americans.
Who was charged with the murder of Mary Phagan?
Leo Frank
Who were the members of the Bourbon Triumvirate?
Joseph E. Brown
John B. Gordon
Alfred Colquitt
What were some of Grady’s accomplishments?
Helped found Georgia Tech, Organized the International Cotton Exposition, Editor of the Atlanta Constitution; promoted the New South; convinced many industries to come to Georgia
What changes did the Populist Party want?
tax reform, Women’s right to vote, Government controlled railroads, Ending the convict lease system, 8 hour day for factory workers
In Plessy vs Ferguson, what did the US Supreme Court rule regarding rights for African-Americans?
That Blacks were guaranteed political rights, but not social rights.
The Leo Frank case is an example of WHAT type of discrimination?
Anti-semitism
What did the Bourbons do that was GOOD for Georgia?
lowered taxes, reduced war debt, discouraged gov’t spending, encouraged growth of industry
What was the purpose of the International Cotton Expositions?
Show Atlanta had been rebuilt from the Civil War
Show off Atlanta’s industrial capabilities and accomplishments
To lure northern investment into the city and region.
In 1882, Watson was elected to GA’s General Assembly. At that time, how did he feel about African-American farmers in GA?
He supported them & was against lynching.
List some of the underlying causes for the 1906 Atlanta Riot
poor whites competing with blacks for jobs, white jealousy of successful African-Americans, a racist governor’s campaign
What was the verdict & sentence in the trial?
Guilty; Death penalty
What did the Bourbons do that was BAD for Georgia?
allowed racism & white supremacy to spread, overlooked corruption in gov’t, prisons, hospitals, industry, created Convict Lease System & profited from it
What personal beliefs/views did Henry Grady promote through this newspaper?
Industrialization of the South; Diversifying southern agriculture
When Watson returned to the Democratic Party in 1905, how had his opinion on civil rights changed?
He was now a white supremacist
How did Booker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois disagree on the key to equality for blacks?
Booker thought economic success and learning a trade was the key.
DuBois thought education was the key and the top 10% of African Americans should go to college.
How did the Marietta citizens who called themselves “The Knights of Mary Phagan” react to Governor Slaton's decision?
After the trial, Frank was jailed. “The Knights of Mary Phagan” broke Frank out of prison and lynched him in Marietta.
What was the Convict Lease System?
A system in which prisoners were rented to businesses to do labor in exchange for food, clothing & shelter. Many were mistreated.
How did Grady advertise Atlanta and Georgia to northern cities?
He said Atlanta was a great city for its willing labor force and diversified industry and Georgia was a place where blacks & whites worked together.
What was the Rural Free Delivery bill (aka RFD)?
required the post office to deliver mail to rural areas for free
List and explain 4 different methods used by GA’s government to disenfranchise black voters.
poll tax: must pay a tax to vote
white primary: only whites could vote in the Democratic Primary.
literacy test: must pass a reading/writing test to vote
grandfather clause: you can vote if your grandfather could vote before the Civil War. This was a loophole to allow poor whites to vote without having to take a literacy test or pay a poll tax.
How did the State of Georgia respond to the new evidence?
They pardoned Frank, saying he hadn’t received a fair trial.