Fundamentals of Biomechanics
Kinetics
Human motion or how something is moving
Frontal Plane
Observing something from the front
Qualitative
Explaining something using words
Most common lever type in the human body
3rd type
Torque
What is torque? Turning effect
Kinematics
forces that create motion
Sagittal
Observing something from the side
Describe something using numbers
1st type lever
The fulcrum is between force and resistance arm
Speed
How fast the object is moving
Distance/ time = m/s
Closed vs Open Loop
Type of movement performed including if it just yourself controling or somebody else is involved
Anatomical References
What are they? And how do we differentiate between them?
Directional terms
Technique
Sequence of movements
2nd type lever
Resistance arm is between force and fulcrum
Velocity
is the change in position divided by the time
d-d0/time = m/s
Linear vs Angular Motion
What is the difference between the two?
Linear motion describes a situation in which movement occurs in a straight line.
To produce angular motion, movement has to occur around an axis.
Static vs Dynamic
What is the difference between the two?
Statics describe motion that is in a constant state of motion
Dynamics describe motion that is undergoing change or that is varying
Valid vs realible measurement
Which one is which and how do we define those?
Any measurement needs to be valid (i.e., the measurement must actually measurethe intended variable)
A reliable measure is one that can be repeated and provide a consistent value
3rd type lever
Force is between resistance and fulcrum
Acceleration
Acceleration (or deceleration) is the rate at which velocity or speed changes
v-v0/ t = change in velocity/ time, m/s2
Projectile Motion: 3 Factors Affecting It
Angle
Height
Speed
Eccentric vs Concentic type of muscle contractions
What is the difference between the two?
How do we apply force and resistance?
In an eccentric contraction, the force generated by the muscle is less than the external resistance. As a result, the muscle gradually lengthens while resisting the force of the external load.
In a concentric contraction, the force generated by the muscle is greater than the external resistance or load being lifted. This causes the muscle to contract and pull on a bone, resulting in joint movement.
Mechanical Advantage
Which type of lever systme has the greatest mechanical advantage?
How does the limb length affect mechanical advantage?
Short limbs have smaller resistance arms, therefore providing mechanical advantage. Less muscular forces needed.
Lever System in the Human Body
Biceps Curl. Type, each part of it
3rd.
elbow is a fulcrum, Force arm is between elbow and muscles attachment, resistance arm is the distance between the fulcrum (elbow and the dumbell)
Scalar vs vector measure
both how much and with direction