INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
NAME THE THREE LAYERS OF THE EARTH
CRUST, MANTLE AND CORE
DEFINE A ROCK
ROCKS ARE AGGREGATES OF MINERALS.
What two factors convert sedimentary into metamorphic rocks?
Temperature and pressure.
What mixture cools and crystallises
to form an igneous rock?
Magma
What a mineral is?
It´s a solid, naturally made substance with a definite chemical composition and with a crystalline structure.
THE CRUST IS DIVIDED INTO TWO LAYERS. NAME THEM AND SAY THEIR THICKNESS
CONTINENTAL CRUST (70 KM) AND OCEANIC CRUST (10 KM)
ACCORDING TO THEIR COMPOSITION, ROCKS CAN BE...
MONOMINERALIC (MADE BY JUST ONE TYPE OF MINERAL)
How coal forms?
Under certain conditions, plant debris accumulates and does not decompose.
Define a fossil.
A fossil is the preserved remains of an organism from the past or the remains of an organism's activities.
Name six properties of minerals
Hardeness, Streak, Luster, Clavage, Transparency and Crystal shape.
WHAT THREE TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES EXIST?
P-WAVES, S-WAVES AND L-WAVES
NAME THE TYPES OF ROCKS ACCORDING TO THEIR ORIGIN
SEDIMENTARY, METAMORPHIC AND IGNEOUS ROCKS.
How limestone forms?
Phytoplankton and molluscs are responsible for much of the precipitation of calcium carbonate that will form limestones.
Stages in fossil formation
The sediments cover the remains of a living thing.
Sediments compactation.
Ground rises and we can find fossils.
What is luster?
Luster is how light is reflected on the surface os a mineral.
WHAT KIND OF SEISMIC WAVES CAN'T PASS THROUGH LIQUIDS?
S-WAVES
What are the three processes sediments undergo to become sedimentary rocks?
When transported materials experience compaction and cementation, they turn into sedimentary rocks
What two types of igneous rocks are formed
depending on the speed of cooling?
Plutonic rocks (they harden slowly) and volcanic rocks (they solidify as they get in contact with the atmosphere or the hydrosphere -if the volcanoe is under the water-).
We wil never find fossils in... (type of rock). Explain the reason.
We'll never find fossils in igneous rocks because to form them, they must melt forming magma.
The streak is the powder left by a mineral when it's scartched. This streak can be...
White or coloured.
NAME TWO DISCONTINUITIES THAT SEPARATES THE CRUST, THE MANTLE AND THE CORE.
MOHOROVICIC DISCONTINUITY (CRUST-MANTLE) GUTEMBERG DISCONTINUITY (MANTLE-CORE)
What is the difference between clastic rocks and evaporite rocks?
In clastic rocks, Sedimentation and consolidation of small fragments result in rocks such as conglomerates, sandstone, and clay. But in evaporite rocks, materials dissolved in water later fall to Earth as precipitation when the water evaporates.
What is the most abundant rock in continental crust? and in oceanic crust? Name both of them.
Granite (continental crust) and basalt (oceanic crust).
Why can we find a fossil of a fish on the top of a mountain?
Whe the fish was alive, the ground was a part of the ocen floor and afterthis, the groun has move and fold until it forms a mountain.
Say the Mohs scale in order.
Talc, 1.
Gypsum, 2
Calcite, 3
Flourite, 4
Apatite, 5
Orthoclase, 6
Quartz, 7
Topaz, 8
Corundum, 9
Diamond, 10