READING
how reliable the research is i design and methods
Validity
Informational texts, biographies, autobiography, expository, narrative
formats of non-fiction
Reading is a progressing process and focus should be on phonics
Bottom Up
Theorist deals with innate sense of language and literacy
Noam Chomsky
Fable, myth, legend, fairy tale
folklore
diagnostic designed to evaluate a number of different aspects of students reading performances
3 theorists that are behaviorists, believe behaviors change due to person response to events that occur in environment
B.F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike, John Watson
Learning through real world experiences
transactions between readers and text, text to self are activites that align with this theory
Constructivism
Stage of Cognitive Development
Where the child use deductive reasoning ex. cold outside, people will not be wearing shorts. So if Max goes outside you can conclude (deduce) that he will not wear shorts comparison and classification used at this stage.
Formal Operational Stage
12 years to adult
Theorist who created Zone of Proximal Development which has 3 core aspects
1. very knowledgeable
2. social interactions w/skillful tutor allow learner to observe and practice skills
3. scaffolding or supportive activities provided by an educator/more competent peer to support student as he/she go thru ZPD
Lev Vygotsky
long narrative that focuses on the trials and tribulations of a hero or god-like character who represents the cultural values of a race, nation, or religious group
Epic
assignments: filling in the blanks, writing an essay or journals kept in class
writing assessments
Literary Texts
Stage of Cognitive Development
Where the child identify and use symbols for objects but not able to apply reasoning. Play pretend and think only of themself.
Pre-Operational Stage
Formats of fiction
Theorist created whole language
uses the opposite of traditional learning
Frank Smith
What I do know?
What I want to know?
What did I learn?
KWL Chart
Piaget
What should be considered when choosing multicultural literature
accuracy, authentic dialogue, presentation of information or issues
Theorist deals with cognitive development and the stages of cognitive development
Jean Piaget
Thinking about what the brain does when going through the process of reading is important to building reading skills
Metacognitive
Stage of Cognitive Development where the child is figuring out the world through sensory and motor experiences
Sensorimotor
0-2 years old
Theorists who deals with constructivism
Louise Rosenblatt
short story that includes animals who speak and act like humans
fable
the assessment that is easiest for the ELL students to use
oral assessment
Deals with schema (prior knowledge)
Reading is developed by connecting information in text with knowledge reader already know
Piaget Cognitivism
Use before, during and after reading techniques to organize understanding of text
Louise Rosenblatt Constructivism
humorous verse of 3 long and 2 short lines rhyming (aabbaa)
limerick
Reading developed by habit
Skinner, Thorndike, Watson
Behaviorism
Haiku
what is the lowest reading level
BR
story that showcases gods or goddesses and typically outlines the creation of something
myth
assessment focuses on the outcomes frequently used to measure effectiveness of a program, lesson or strategy at the end of the unit
ex) mid term test
summative
story that has both human and magical creatures in it
fairy tale
a memoir an example of
narrative nonfiction
range of formal/informal assessments conducted by teacher before, during, and after learning process to modify instruction
ex) teacher walks around checking on students as they read writing down anecdotal notes
formative assessment
assessment or evaluation yields an estimate of the position of the tested individual in a predefined population with respect to the trait being measured
ex) NAEP is an exam given every few years for data purposes only to compare students reading scores across the US
norm-referenced (percentile)
used to place students in proper class or grade level
screening
story that may have once been true but is exaggerated usually about extraordinary humans
legend
Pre-assessment tells about students prior knowledge before starting a learning activity
Diagnostic
measure the students ability to apply the skills and knowledge learned
ex)after reading a text about Civil War students create stories about different historical figures in war
performance based assessment
measure student performance using a FIXED set of determined criteria or learning standards
ex)FAST test
criterion (test of mastery of state standards
formal reading and writing assessments full under which category (assessments it fall under)
summative assessments