functions of behavior
attention
Attention maintained behaviors occur when the intended function of the behavior is to obtain any form of attention from others (adults, peers, parents, strangers, etc).
example
non contingent reinforcement
involves giving reinforcement to the student on a scheduled, regular basis independent of the student's behaviors.
example:
non contingent reinforcement
involves giving reinforcement to the student on a scheduled, regular basis independent of the student's behaviors.
example:
non contingent reinforcement
involves giving reinforcement to the student on a scheduled, regular basis independent of the student's behaviors.
example:
Environmental Engineering
arranging the physical environment of the classroom to enhance student learning and behavior.
example
escape
Escape maintained behaviors are maladaptive behaviors that function to get the student out of a task, demand, activity, question, or assignment, or away from a person or social situation
example
social stories
provide student with a short story (typically accompanied by pictures) that states the target behavior to decrease, how that makes others feel, and states alternative behaviors they can engage in to get attention
example
providing choices
Providing the student with different tasks they can complete.
example
positive practice
a student is given multiple opportunities throughout the day to practice coming away from preferred items/activities
example
sensory extinction
procedure in which behavior maintained by naturally occurring stimuli is placed on extinction by removing access to the sensory consequence
example
access
behaviors used to gain access to preferred items or activities
example
planned ignoring/extinction
reinforcement is discontinued
example
response effort- asking for a break
Utilizing methods that promote the student requesting a break in an "easy format" that is not more difficult than the behavior to decrease
example
contingent waiting/access
Dependent on the use of some timing device. It requires the creation of some form of contingency.
example
matching stimulus as alternative behaviors
providing access to desired items that matched the hypothesized sensory consequence
example
automatic
behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement provide their own reinforcing qualities and conditions independent of the social environment
example
Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors (DRA)
the occurrence of a behavior that is an alternative (but not topographically incompatible) to the behavior selected or reduction is reinforced. Reinforcement for the target behavior to decrease is put on extinction
example
Premack Principal
Grandma's law. Present the more difficult task before the reinforcement
example
Differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO)
Reinforcement occurs whenever the specific behavior is not emitted during an interval of time
example
response interruption/redirection
Students are engaging in some form of sensory experience that inhibits their ability to attend academics or is self injurious and are redirected to more appropriate, alternative behaviors
example
control
behaviors that are exhibited to obtain some sense of control/power over a situation. This can often look like escape maintained behaviors. **control function is not an official function in ABA**
example
Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL)
reinforcement occurs if a behavior selected for reduction is emitted less than a prespecified number of times during a prespecified time interval
example
high probability sequence
start with presenting several easy instructions that the student can successfully respond to and then switch to a more complex task. This should be done in rapid succession.
example
Time out
Either removing the item or student away from the desired item. Once student is regulated provide script for requesting
example
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
Providing reinforcement for behaviors that are physically incompatible with the self- stimulatory behaviors
example