Basics of Data and Information
What is the difference between Data, Metadata, Information and Knowledge?
Describe two categories of data storage devices: direct area storage and network-based storage. Give examples.
Direct Area Storage: Devices that are directly attached to a computer, like hard disk drives.
Network-Based Storage: Devices that are accessed over a network, such as Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices or cloud storage.
What is software? Give three examples of software types.
Software is a set of instructions that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks. Examples include operating systems (Windows, macOS), applications (Microsoft Office, Photoshop), and utilities (antivirus software).
When it comes to performing maintenance, what four types of changes can developers make?
Developers can make corrective changes, adaptive changes, perfective changes, and preventive changes during software maintenance.
What is Information Technology?
Information technology (IT) is the use of computers, storage, networking and other physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data.
Describe these types of storage devices: flash storage, hybrid storage, cloud storage, hybrid cloud storage.
Flash Storage: Uses flash memory for data storage, like USB drives or SSDs.
Hybrid Storage: Combines disk and flash storage for better performance and capacity.
Cloud Storage: Data storage provided by a service provider accessible over the internet.
Hybrid Cloud Storage: Integrates private and public cloud storage services for flexibility.
Application software and system software work in different ways. What’s the difference?
Application software is used for specific tasks or applications, while system software is essential for running the computer and managing hardware components.
What are the main principles of cybersecurity?
What constitutes a computer?
A computer consists of hardware (physical components like the processor, memory, motherboard, etc.) and software (programs and operating systems that run on the hardware).
Speak about three main forms of data storage: file storage, block storage and object storage.
File Storage: Stores data in files and folders, often used for documents, images, and videos.
Block Storage: Manages data in blocks and is commonly used in storage area networks (SAN).
Object Storage: Stores data as objects with associated metadata, suitable for unstructured data.
What is an operating system? Give its definition and name its major functionalities.
An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and provides common services for computer programs. Its major functionalities include managing memory, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices.
What is machine learning?
A subset of artificial intelligence that enables systems to learn and make predictions based on data.
How have the requirements for IT specialists been changing through the history of the area?
Over time, the requirements for IT specialists have evolved from a focus on technical skills to include communication, problem-solving, and adaptability due to the changing landscape of technology and business needs. Initially focused on technical skills, now includes problem-solving, communication, and adaptability.
Data storage for businesses: speak about SAN system.
A Storage Area Network (SAN) system is a dedicated, high-speed network that provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage.
Name three types of operating systems and explain their difference.
Name five characteristics of software quality and explain their meaning.
How is data storage defined? Speak about input and output data.
Data storage refers to the methods and technologies used to store and manage digital information. Input data is information that is entered into the computer, while output data is the result of processed input data.
What is cloud computing, and what are its major service models?
Cloud Computing: Delivery of computing services over the internet, including storage, processing, and software. Major service models include:
History of software: name 5 important events if the timeline of software history.
Software development lifecycle: speak about design and implementation.
Design involves creating a plan for the software, determining its architecture, and defining its features.