Unit 1
What is meant by the term “no taxation without representation?”
American colonists who opposed British tax policies believed that because they were not represented in Parliament, they did not have to pay British taxes.
What is nullification?
When a state decides it doesn't want to follow a federal law because it believes the law is unconstitutional.
What was President Lincoln’s goal at the beginning of the Civil War?
To preserve the union.
Name 3 things labor unions were fighting for during the Progressive Era.
Better wages, improved working conditions, and shorter working hours.
What was the most significant economic impact of the transcontinental railroads during the late 1800s?
Expanding trade nationwide
Under the Articles of Confederation, which level of government had the most power?
State Governments
Name 3 reasons for westward expansion
Economic Opportunities, Manifest Destiny, and Escape and Adventure.
What is the purpose of Jim Crow laws?
To enforce racial segregation and discrimination by legally separating black and white people in public facilities.
What is Nativism?
The belief that people born in a particular country are superior to immigrants and that native-born interests should be prioritized over those of immigrants.
The Homestead Act of 1862 helped the development of the West by
Providing free land to settlers
What is the necessary and proper clause?
Allows Congress the ability to make laws that are necessary and proper to carry out its other powers. Even if those specific powers aren't listed in the Constitution.
What was the main message of the Monroe Doctrine?
For Europe to stay out of the Americas. It warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of newly independent countries in the Americas.
What was the purpose of the Homestead Act?
To encourage people to settle and farm land in the American West by giving them ownership of land for free or at a very low cost.
What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
To break up Native American tribes' land ownership by giving individual Native Americans land, assimilating them into mainstream American society
A significant contribution to the industrialization of the United States was Henry Ford’s development of
The assembly line
Why did George Washington warn against alliances in his Farewell Address?
He believed they could entangle the US in foreign conflicts and undermine its independence.
What was the Trail of Tears?
When Native American tribes were forced to leave their homelands and travel long distances to unfamiliar territories, resulting in many deaths.
Importance of the 15th Amendment.
Prohibited the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude, granting African American men the right to vote.
What 2 things was President Teddy Roosevelt known for?
For being a strong leader and for his efforts to protect the environment through initiatives like creating national parks.
Businesses formed monopolies, trusts, pools, and holding companies mainly to
Increase profits by eliminating competition
What impact did Shay’s Rebellion have on the Articles of Confederation?
It showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, leading to calls for a stronger central government.
What was the importance of the Indian Removal Act?
Paved the way for white settlement and expansion by forcing Native American tribes to leave their ancestral lands in the Southeastern US and move to territories west of the Mississippi River.
What were the 2 biggest problems facing farmers during the Populist Era?
High railroad rates for transporting crops and falling crop prices.
What was the court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?
The court ruled that "separate but equal" facilities for different races were constitutional, allowing for segregation.
Why were scabs unpopular with striking workers during the late 1800s?
They were workers used to break strikes