Ch.6 Fundamentals of Exercise
Physiology and Nutrition
Physiology and Nutrition
Liver and muscles
Where does the body store carbohydrates that cannot be readily used?
Repair and synthesis
What benefit is associated with the consumption of protein immediately post-exercise?
Aldosterone
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and results in increased reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys and decreased sodium lost in sweat?
Gastrointestinal distress
What is the primary side effect associated with consumption of high concentrations of carbohydrates during exercise?
2 ATP
How many net adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are produced from each glucose molecule that is broken down through the anaerobic glycolysis process?
1.5 g CHO/kg within 30 minutes, and then every 2 hours for 4 to 6 hours
What are the recommendations of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) for post-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) consumption?
Hypothermia
What condition results when the body loses heat faster than it is able to generate it?
Increases muscle and liver glycogen stores
A carbohydrate-rich meal 3 to 4 hours prior to competition benefits an endurance athlete in which of the following ways?
Intense, exhaustive anaerobic exercise
Which type of exercise will cause an athlete to reach lactate threshold most quickly?
The rate at which glucose is absorbed into portal circulation
What is the primary limiting factor in the breakdown and delivery of carbohydrate energy to working muscles?
Urine specific gravity of less than 1.020 g/mL on first urine void of the day
What would be the most accurate way for an athlete to measure euhydration?
Low energy availabiity
An endurance athlete who is consuming too few calories to support basic metabolic needs and fuel exercise would be characterized in which of the following states?
Elevated oxygen use above resting levels after a workout
To what does excess post-exercise oxygen consumption refer?
After 1 to 3 hours of continuous moderate-intensity exercise (60% to 85% VO2 max), when glycogen becomes depleted
Under which of the following conditions could an athlete expect performance to begin to suffer if no additional glucose is ingested?
6% to 8% CHO content
What should the carbohydrate (CHO) content be in beverages utilized during exercise in order to avoid any issues with gastric emptying?
Exercise session lasting longer than 2 hours
At what point does carbohydrate ingestion during exercise become essential to provide adequate fuel?
Type of food consumed, Ratio of liquid to solid food components, Gastric volume
Which of the following factors impact gastric emptying rate?
Decreased incidence of gastrointestinal distress during exercise
Besides enhancing performance, what other benefit can be associated with the consumption of food and drink that contain more than one type of carbohydrate?
Body size, Genetic predisposition, Training environment, Intensity and duration of activity
What following factors impact sweat rate?
Competitive strength athletes typically have high muscle mass and therefore high metabolic rates.
Why do strength athletes typically have high caloric needs despite expending relatively few calories during training or competition?