Diagnosis
What does the B stand for in the A-B-C-S of symptoms of psychological disorders?
What is Behavioral?
For MDD this gender has a higher prevalence rate.
What are females?
The letters in the HPA Hypothesis that explain the hormonal reaction to stress stand for these parts of the body.
What are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland?
The American psychiatrist who is seen as the founder of cognitive therapy.
Who is Aaron Beck?
Brown & Harris (1978) used this research method with 458 women in London to determine the role of environmental factors in the onset of depression.
What is a case-study?
If three different Psychiatrists give a different diagnosis based on the same symptoms, the diagnosis lacks this.
What is reliability?
The number of new cases diagnosed in a certain period of time within a population.
What is incidence?
What does SSRI stand for?
what is serotonin reuptake inhibitor?
An explanation for a disorder requires knowledge of this, or a set of causes of the disease or condition.
What is etiology?
Chiao and Blizinsky suggested this cultural factor can serve can serve as a buffer to depression, even for those with a short allele to the 5TTP gene.
What is collectivism?
In the Rosenhan study (1973) 8 confederates tried to reported that they were hearing voices saying these two words to mental health professionals in 12 hospitals (particpants)
What is empty and thud?
Alloy et al used this type of design to assess the role that one's cognitive style plays in the development of depression.
What is natural experiment?
After Caspi et al divided a sample of 847 26 yr.olds divided into three groups based on their 5-HTT alleles: (Group 1 had two short alleles; Group 2 had one short and one long allele; Group 3 had two long alleles) The participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire about these.
What are stressful life events?
Nolen-Hoeksema found that this, or focused attention on the symptoms of one's distress, in combination with negative cognitive styles can predict the duration of depressive symptoms.
what is rumination?
In 2001, this researcher argued that cultures have "explanatory models" for disorders. His theory is that cultures created socially acceptable sets of symptoms for mental distress.
Who is Kirkmayer?
This researcher working in this country used key informant interviews that provided more detailed information about mental health disorders using an emic approach.
Who is Bolton and what is Rwanda?
While Kesler and Bromet in a cross-national data analysis found MDD prevalence varies considerably across cultures (1% in Czech republic vs. 16.9 in USA), they generally found higher prevalence in these.
What are higher for high income countries?
The Falconer model (used to calculate genetic inheritance for things like depression) assumes that genetics, shared environment and this influences the phenotype.
What is individual environment?
According to beck's negative cognitive triad: depressed patients have negative views of these three things.
What are themselves, the world and the future?
Brown suggested a vulnerability model of depression, factors that could increase the likelihood of depression. These factors are grouped into three types: vulnerability factors, provoking agents and these factors that actually decrease the likelihood of the disorder.
What are protective factors?
After Gove & Fain (1973) carried out extensive interviews with 429 former mental health patients. The vast majority stated that the diagnosis had led to this.
what is an improvement in their social relationships?
After conducting a meta-analysis in 1985, Ferrari et al found the global 12-month prevalence of major depressive disorder was this in females and this in males in males.
What is 5.8% in females and 3.5% in males?
According to a Swedish study by Kendler et al this was the estimated heritability of major depression.
What is 0.38?
Beck's six fault thinking includes Arbitrary inference, Selective abstraction, Personalization and these three.
What are Dichotomous thinking, Exaggeration and Overgeneralization?
According to Brown and Harris, these 4 were the most significant vulnerability factors contributing to depression in women.
What were (1) Loss of one's mother before the age of 11, (2) lack of a confiding relationship, (3) more than three children under the age of 14 at home, and (4) unemployment.