Typography
Organize the following typography terms based on importance. Then, define each term.
Body Copy
Header
Subheader
1. Header
2. Subheader
3. Body Copy
Header: The most important piece of text within a design. Often used for titles or names.
Subheader: The secondary most important pieces of text in a design. They provide additional context to the Header.
Body Copy: The main “meat and potatoes” text of any design. Provides details and additional information.
What is Preflighting?
The process of checking to see if your design is ready to be printed/projected accurately. This occurs before a design is packaged and sent to either the client or the printer.
What is the most commonly known best file type for printing BOTH raster and vector graphics?
Define Intellectual Property.
Intellectual property is defined as any original form of creative work that someone makes. This can range from a drawing, to a photograph, to a website design, and everything in between.
Line, Shape, Space, Form, Value, Color, Texture, Typography
Who invented the first Western printing press?
100 BONUS POINTS FOR REMEMBERING THE YEAR IT WAS INVENTED
Johannes Gutenberg in 1440
Define the following terms, and describe the difference between the two:
- Ascender
-Descender
Ascender: The part of certain lowercase letters that extend above the x-height in a typeface. (Ex: b, d)
Descender: The part of certain lowercase letters that extend below the baseline in a typeface. (Ex. p, y, g)
What is a Target Audience in terms of Graphic Design?
The main group of people that will be most likely to buy or interact with the company’s products/services/design work.
Target audiences can be defined by many factors, such as geographic location, age, gender, family background, and personal preferences/hobbies.
Name three different types of folds that can be used in the printing process.
- Half-Fold
- Tri-Fold
- Accordion Fold
Define Creative Commons.
A legal license that enables free distribution of otherwise copyrighted material.
***Note: Creative Commons are granted to the public by the Copyright Holder. They include certain stipulations, like proper credit given to the creator.
Name at least FIVE Principles of Design:
Emphasis, Contrast, Balance, Movement, Repetition, Proportion, White Space, Unity
What is the difference between Art and Design?
Art is the expression of what is beautiful or appealing based on personal taste. Design is the development of visual graphics with the intention of communicating a message.
What is the difference between a Typeface and a Font?
A Typeface is a collection of glyphs (letters) that share a certain aesthetic quality.
A Font is a sub-category of a typeface that has specific style, weight, or size.
(For example: Helvetica is a typeface. 12 pt. semi-bold Helvetica is a font.)
What is the difference between thumbnails and roughs?
Thumbnails are small, quick sketches that are used for brainstorming at the beginning of the design process. Multiple thumbnails should be created at once.
Roughs are a more detailed version of a thumbnail sketch that is draw to the actual size of the final design.
Define the terms Gutter and Margin.
Gutter: The measured space in between columns of text within a design
Margin: The measured area around the edges of a document.
Define Public Domain.
Public domain refers to creative work that is not covered by any form of IP rights.
As a general rule of thumb, copyright protection expires 70 years after the copyright holder’s death
Define the three following terms related to color:
Hue
Saturation
Value
Hue: The name of a color. (Ex. Red, Blue, Yellow)
Saturation: Describes the intensity of a hue (color)
Value: Refers to the level of lightness or darkness of a hue
What are TWO differences between a JPG and a PNG file?
Both files are raster file types. However:
JPGs have a smaller file size than PNGs
PNGs support transparency options; JPGs do not.
PNGs use lossless file compression, JPGs use lossy file compression.
What is Blackletter?
Blackletter is the oldest formal typeface that was created after the invention of the first Western printing press.
Blackletter was developed to expedite the production of manuscripts that had to be hand-scribed at the time, hence its ornamental qualities.
Which concept comes first in the design process: Design briefs or mock-ups?
After deciding which comes first, define each term.
A Mock-Up is a visual representation of a design that is given to a client to form a vision of the final product, so it comes later once research, thumbnails, and a rough is created.
What is the difference between an A3 and A4 sheet of paper?
A4: 8.3x11.7", A common and versatile paper size frequently used by printers and designers.
A3: 11.7"x16.5", A larger sheet of paper used by printers and designers for posters and imagery that needs more visual impact that an A4.
Define Fair Use, then provide the four following circumstances that may qualify as grounds for Fair Use.
Fair Use refers to specific circumstances in which the public can use copyrighted works in limited amounts without asking for permission from the copyright holder.
The four specific circumstances that qualify are:
Educational Purposes
News Reporting/Press
Criticism/Commentary
Parody, or some other way that completely transforms the message of the copyrighted work.
What is the Rule of Thirds in terms of compositional technique?
Dividing an image into thirds both horizontally and vertically, then placing the subject on an intersection point.
Define the term "UX".
UX refers to the process of improving user experience and satisfaction through usability and accessibility of a product or design.
What are two differences between an Old Style Serif Typeface and a Transitional Serif Typeface?
Hint: One is older than the other, and one of their letters looks different depending on the type.
Old Style Serifs are the oldest type of serif typeface. They can be recognized by the diagonal stress on the "O".
Transitional Typefaces are the most common type of serif typeface. They do not have a diagonal stress on the "O"
Describe what a professional portfolio is used for in Graphic Design. Then, name at least THREE types of professional portfolios.
- PDF Portfolio
- Website Portfolio
- Social Media Portfolio
- Bound (Physical) Portfolio
Define what a bleed is, then describe the steps required to apply a bleed to a printed design.
A bleed is a design or document that has graphics or color extend to the edge of the page.
To apply a bleed, a designer must first extend their design beyond it's intended size while designing.
During the preflighting process, the design will have crop marks added to it.
During printing, the design is printed a larger size of paper than what is needed, and then trimmed down to it's final intended size, cutting off access color or elements.
Besides copyright, what are three other ways that intellectual property can be protected by law in the USA?
1. Patents: Patents are used to protect inventions, technology, or new forms of innovation in a particular field
2. Trademarks: Trademarks are used to protect a company‘s identity, products, or services from being replicated by other companies
3. Trade Secrets: Trade Secrets are specific business strategies or methods that companies use in their business practices. These can be protected by the Uniform Trade Secrets Act of 1985
What is the difference between the Design Principle Movement, and the concept of Visual Hierarchy?
(Hint: Both concepts are related to how your eyes move through a composition)
Movement refers to how compositional elements move your eyes throughout a design.
Visual Hierarchy is the act of organizing your design in such a way that the most important information is viewed first, and the least important details are viewed last.
What is a RAW file?
A RAW file is a collection of unprocessed data. A popular type of file is Camera RAW, where image files are not altered or compressed in any way once they've been taken.