cellular process
if a cell is placed in a hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution what's going to all
hypertonic solution will swell and expand.
hypotonic solution will Shriver up and die. \
isotonic solution no net flow of water into or out of cells.
what are the domains? List organisms found in each domain.
Archaea, bacteria, Eukarya
who was the scientist that carried out the first important studies heredity? What is heredity?
Gregor Mendel is the Scientist
Heredity is the passing on of physical or mental characteristics.
Name the three phases of the call cycle. Name the four phases of mitosis.
The three phases- Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.
The four phases- Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
Name the nitrogen bases and the correct order in which they pair.
Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, Adenine, and Uracil
describe the process of photosynthesis, write the equation for photosynthesis
process of photosynthesis is certain organisms transform light energy ex: 6H2o + 6H2o > C6H12O6 + 6O2
Explain natural selection.
What does P1, F1 and F2 stand for? What is the phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation if the P1 generation is Hh crossed with Hh?
they terms used in genetics and the ratio would be 3:1
When and why do cells divide through thee process of mitosis?
cells divide through mitosis to grow, repair, and replace cells. Mitosis occurs during the cell cycle when a cell needs to divide.
Which component of a nucleotide forms the steps of the untwisted DNA Ladder? Which components form the sides of rails of the DNA ladder?
Nitrogen Base
The sugar/deoxyribose, and phosphate molecules
What is the difference between active and passive transport? give an example of both active and passive transport.
active Trasport requires energy movement of molecules passive does not require energy movement. EX: active uptakes of glucose passive is diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
what is micro and macroevolution?
Small changes that happen with a species.
What is crossing over and what is the result of it? During which phase of Meiosis does this occur?
Crossing over is the creation of new genes, this occurs during phase 1
Briefly describe each phase of mitosis.
Prophase- Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down.
Metaphase- Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.
Anaphase- Sister chromatids separate and more opposite pole.
Telophase- Nuclear membranes from around chromosomes at poles cytoplasm divides forming two cells.
What is tanslation? Where does the translation occur and what is the end result of this process?
When cells use mRNA to make proteins
Occurs in the ribosomes, end result is creation of proteins.
explain the two types of fermentation and what is produced for each.
alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation follows glycolysis alcoholic produces ethanol.
who is malthus?
man believed that populations grow expotentially.
What is the genotypic ratio of the F1 generation if the P1 generation is BB crossed with Bb? If BB stands for Brown eyes and the recessive genotype stands for blue eyes, then Bb must be what color eyes?
the genetic ratio is 1:1 and Bb would be brown eyes
Distinguish between Interphase and Mitosis.
Interphase
-Longest phase of the cycle.
-Cells grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for cell division.
-No visible chromosome, nuclear envelope remains intact.
Mitosis
-Shorter phase of the cell cycle
-cell undergoes nuclear division to produce two genetically identical daughter cells.
- Includes the phase: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
What is replication and why must DNA replicate? Where does occur in the cells?
Is the process where DNA makes a copy of itself, its crucial so cells can divide and have the same genetic info.
in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
how many ATPs are produced in each stage write and balance the equation for products.
38 ATP molecules EX: 6Co2+6H2o+ATP
What is a dichotomaus key?
Tool that helps identify plants animals or other items through a series.
What is mutation? Name four different types of mutation.
Change that occurs in the DNA sequence of gene point mutation- insertion mutation- Deletion mutation- Frame shift mutation
What is Meiosis and in what type of cell does it occur? why must meiosis occur in these type of cells?
Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes.
Why is DNA called a double helix? What are three components of the nucleotides that form the double helix?
the helix comprises two strands of DNA looped together
A nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, and a phosphate group.