Landmark Cases
What type of police search was established here that requires only reasonable suspicion instead of probable cause?
What is a pat search / terry frisk?
What are you required to tell the driver of a vehicle after a traffic stop?
What is the reason for pulling them over? (Assembly Bill 2773, Jan 1, 2024)
What are the three legal justifications for use of force?
What are to effect the arrest, to prevent escape, or to overcome resistance.
What amendment primarily governs search and seizure laws?
What is the Fourth Amendment?
Under which California Penal Code is grand theft defined, and what is the monetary threshold for a theft to be considered grand theft?
What is Penal Code Section 487, with a threshold of $950?
What are the two requirements needed to require you to read a person their rights?
What are Custody and Interrogation?
When can an officer legally search a vehicle without a warrant during a traffic stop?
What is probable cause, consent, or an inventory search?
What level of force should an officer employ based on the threat posed?
What is reasonable force?
What doctrine allows officers to seize items in plain view during a lawful search?
What is the plain view doctrine?
What constitutes identity theft?
What is unlawfully obtaining and using someone else's personal identifying information for fraudulent purposes?
What principle restricts the use of deadly force against a fleeing suspect?
What is the imminent danger requirement?
What Supreme Court case permits officers to ask the driver to step out during a traffic stop for officer safety?
What is Pennsylvania v. Mimms (1977)?
What are the conditions for using deadly force against a fleeing suspect?
What is to prevent an imminent threat to the officer or others?
Under what conditions can law enforcement conduct a protective sweep inside a home without a warrant?
What is if there is a reasonable belief that the area to be swept harbors an individual posing a danger to those on the arrest scene?
What is the difference between California Penal Code Section 273.5 and Penal Code Section 243(e)(1) concerning domestic violence offenses?
California Penal Code (CPC) Section 273.5 criminalizes inflicting a corporal injury on a spouse, cohabitant, or parent of a child. This injury must result in a "traumatic condition, a wound or other bodily injury caused by the use of physical force, and it can include internal injuries like bruising or sprains that may not be immediately visible.
Penal Code Section 243(e)(1) criminalizes "battery on a spouse or cohabitant" and applies when there is no visible injury
When can officers conduct a vehicle search after arresting the driver?
When can officers search passengers during a vehicle stop?
What is if reasonable suspicion or probable cause applies to the passengers?
What Supreme Court case established the standard of "objective reasonableness" to assess whether an officer's use of force was justified based on the circumstances known at the time?
What is Graham v. Connor (1989)?
What principle excludes illegally obtained evidence from trial?
What is the exclusionary rule?
Under what circumstances is a magnetic device to remove security tags considered possession of burglary tools (CPC 466)?
What is only if the magnetic device was used to enter the building with the intent to commit theft or any felony.
Which Supreme Court case established that confessions obtained through physical violence or coercion violate due process and cannot be used as evidence in court?
Brown v. Mississippi (1936)
What legal doctrine allows officers to conduct an inventory search of the vehicle afterward?
What is the "community caretaking" doctrine?
In what circumstances is the use of a taser considered excessive force, and what level of threat must a suspect pose to justify its use?
The use of a taser is considered excessive if the suspect poses no immediate threat to officers or others, such as when a suspect is merely resisting arrest passively. The suspect must pose a reasonable immediate threat to justify the use of a taser.
Which Supreme Court case ruled that police cannot search the digital contents of a cellphone seized during an arrest without a warrant, and what constitutional amendment does this protect?
What is Riley v. California (2014)?
What is the Fourth Amendment?
What is CALCRIM?
What are California Criminal Jury Instructions?