Molecules
This class of molecules includes sugars and starches, which serve as a primary energy source for the body.
What are carbohydrates?
This is the term for a solution that has more hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH-).
What is an acid?
What term describes diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites?
What are infectious diseases?
What is the highest concentrated extracellular electrolyte responsible for maintaining fluid balance and osmotic pressure?
What is sodium (Na+)?
What is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen for transport?
What is hemoglobin?
These types of lipids are the main component of cell membranes.
What are phospholipids?
This number on the pH scale represents neutrality, being neither acidic nor basic.
What is 7?
These disorders occur due to insufficient blood flow to tissues, often leading to tissue damage or cell death.
What are ischemic disorders?
Which electrolyte is most concentrated inside cells and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism and muscle contraction?
What is potassium (K+)?
How many major blood types are there in the ABO blood group system?
What are four (A, B, AB, O)?
This level of protein structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids.
What is primary structure?
In metabolic acidosis, this compensatory mechanism occurs to maintain pH within normal range.
What is increased respiratory rate (hyperventilation)?
Conditions characterized by abnormal growth of cells, often leading to the formation of tumors, fall under this category.
What are neoplastic disorders?
In osmosis, water moves across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of ______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration.
What is from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?
What is the main function of platelets in blood?
What is to form blood clots?
This nucleic acid is double-stranded and uses thymine, unlike its single-stranded counterpart that uses uracil.
What are DNA and RNA?
This metabolic condition results from an excess of acid in the body due to ketone production (DKA) or renal failure?
What is metabolic acidosis?
These are conditions caused inadvertently by medical treatment or procedures.
What are iatrogenic disorders?
What term describes a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as another solution, resulting in no net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?
What is isotonic?
Question: Which blood type is considered the universal donor, often used in emergency transfusions?
What is type O negative (O-)?
This is the term for the process by which a protein's structure is altered due to external stress or conditions, leading to a loss of biological function.
What is denaturation?
In the context of acid-base balance, this is the term for the compensatory mechanism involving respiratory changes in response to changes in blood pH.
What is respiratory compensation?
Diseases or disorders for which the cause is unknown fall under this category.
What are idiopathic conditions?
Which type of intravenous solution is commonly used to treat patients with dehydration due to its isotonic nature?
0.9% Normal Saline
What is the liquid component of blood that consists mostly of water and dissolved substances?
What is plasma?