Pre-Islamic Arabian Peninsula
What was the primary mode of transportation for trade in the 7th century Arabian Peninsula?
camel
Who was Muhammad?
The founder of Islam. He is believed to be the final and most important prophet (messenger from Allah).
What is the name of the holy book of Islam?
Quran
What term describes the ruler of the Islamic Empires in the post-classical period, who succeeded Muhammad in spiritual and political leadership?
Caliph
Name the major city that was a center of learning and culture during the Islamic Golden Age.
Prior to Islam, were most people in Arabia monotheistic or polytheistic?
polytheistic
Where was Muhammad born?
Mecca
According to the 4th Pillar of Islam, Muslims should fast during this holy month.
Ramadan
Who was the first successor to Muhammad and the first caliph?
Abu-Bakr?
What was the name of the library, translation center, and "think tank" that was a center of learning in the Golden Age?
House of Wisdom
Arabians had significant contact with other cultures. Why?
Trade networks: Mediterranean Sea Network, African trade networks, and Silk Roads
What significant role did Muhammad play in Medina after his migration from Mecca?
He became a political as well as a religious leader.
According to the second Pillar, how often should Muslims pray in a day?
5
Umayyad Caliphate
What significant new technology made information more accessible and greatly contributed to the Golden Age?
Paper
Who ruled over the Arabian Peninsula? (Or did they?)
No one. The Arabian tribes were not politically united.
What pivotal event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar?
The beginning of the Muslim calendar is marked by the migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, known as the hijrah, which occurred in 622.
What is the Hajj?
Muslim pilgrimmage to the holy city of Mecca (4th Pillar of Islam)
Which caliphate ruled during the Islamic Golden Age?
Abbasid Caliphate
What was al-Khwarizmi known for?
What is the significance of the Kaaba prior to Islam?
It was a shrine for many different gods and also a hub for trade because it was safe (violence was forbidden).
What were the circumstances in which Muhammad received his first revelation from Allah?
The angel Gabriel visited him while he was in a cave.
What term refers to the collection of sayings and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad in Islam?
Hadith
Who was the 4th caliph, but who the Shi'a believe should have been the 1st caliph?
Ali
Who sacked the city of Baghdad, symbolically ending the Islamic Golden Age?
the Mongols