Amendments and Rights
This document outlines what Americans are entitled to and what they are owed. It is also the first ten changes to the United States Constitution
The Bill of Rights
The social contract theory
This is the system in which power is separated and shared between the national, state, and local governments
federalism
Brown v Board of Education
What did the Connecticut Compromise do exactly?
-solved the debate between states with large populations and small populations over how the legislative branch would distribute representation
-created a bicameral congress (a congress with two chambers)
-created the House of representatives which allotted representation based on population
-created the Senate which gave every state an equal amount of representation
This is the term for a system of government in which the citizens hold the power and government has certain limits on its authority
Democracy
This amendment protects the right to bear arms
The Second Amendment
This is a form of government in which people select others to speak for them and make decisions for them
Representative Democracy (or a Republic)
This is the role of the judicial branch
to interpret or evaluate the law
-Senate approves presidential appointments to the courts
-Congress can investigate and/or impeach judges and Supreme Court members
This court case ensured that you have a right to know why you are being charged with a crime and that you need to be informed of your rights upon arrest
Miranda v Arizona
This group advocated for a strong central government, presidency, and court system
Federalists
Civic reciprocity
This is the right (not amendment) that ensures people have a fair legal process if they are accused of a crime
Due Process
This is the idea that government should have a "cap" and a set of rules about what they are allowed to do
Limited government
2 years
The Secretary of State is part of what branch of government?
Executive branch
(they are members of the Cabinet)
This court case created the concept of "judicial review"
Marbury v Madison
Also known as the necessary and proper clause- this gives Congress the ability to pass laws and make decisions on topics even if they aren't mentioned in the constitution
the "elastic clause"
A course or principle of action carried out by a government.
Also can be described as a collection of ideas, rules, principles and laws that a government or administration might be choosing to follow
Policy
This amendment guarantees the right to a jury in civil trials
Amendment 7
This is the idea that policies should be in the interest of everyone and that everyone benefits when people participates in government and their community
They must break into committees and suggest amendments
This allows the president to leave a bill unsigned by waiting until Congress goes on break (recess) and therefore can avoid Congress's 2/3 override
This court case ensured that people have a right to a lawyer even if they can't afford one
Giddeon v Wainright
This amendment creates the Constitutional basis for federalism
Amendment X
To sign or give formal approval of something
Ratify
This amendment ensures that you are not unfairly punished for a crime or have to pay excessive bail
Amendment 8
This document was signed in 1215 and created a set of rules that the king of England must follow if he is going to be in charge
What is the total number of electors that are available in the electoral college?
538
House (435) + Senate (100) + D.C. (3) = 538
a political party
This court case created the exclusionary rule in which evidence that is obtained illegally cannot be used against a defendant in a trial
Mapp v Ohio
the supremacy clause
a tool used to classify something, or suggest that it can be classified, in terms of its position on a scale between two extreme or opposite points
Spectrum
-being tried for the EXACT same crime twice
-Amendment V
What are natural rights?
Which philosopher came up with the idea?
-rights that belong to everyone the second they are born no matter who they are
-John Locke
What is an appeal?
Why might someone seek an appeal?
-a challenge to a previous legal decision in order to get a new trial in a higher court
-someone would get an appeal if they feel like their due process rights were violated as a defendant
Why are states often called "laboratories of democracy?"
What is a potential risk of the system that creates these "laboratories"?
-states are called this because federalism allows them to create policies outside of the federal government's control. they can "experiment" with different laws/policies
-a risk of this system (federalism) is that states may enact policies that take away certain rights and the federal government has only limited authority to stop them
B) Why does this not include yelling "fire" in a crowded movie theater?
1) Texas v Johnson (the flag burning case)
2) The speech can't cause immediate harm to the people around you. Offensive and unsafe are not the same thing. Yelling fire would cause panic and potential loss of life.
What is judicial review?
How does it work?
-process in which SC evaluates constituationality of laws
-cases arrive at the S.C. and the supreme court administers an opinion and a decision
What is the purpose of a treaty?
Who is exclusively allowed to negotiate treaties? Who approves them?
-to make a fair aggreement between two or more countries
-the executive branch. congress approves them