Gross Motor Evaluation
This is defined as a person's ability to move independently and safely in a variety of environments in order to accomplish functional activities or tasks and to participate in ADLs, at home, work, and in the community.
What is Functional Mobility?
Up until this age, children are inconsistent in their R/L hand usage.
What is 3 years old?
Capacity to recognize, recall, discriminate and make sense of what we see. Essential for functional mobility, reading, writing, and object manipulation.
What are visual perceptual skills?
This assessment is based on Dunn's Model of Sensory Processing and examines how sensory processing may be contributing to or interfering with a child's participation at home, school, and the community.
What is the SP-2?
At this age (or grade), one's visual perceptual skills should be fully developed.
What is 9 years old? / What is 3rd grade?
The ability to control one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts in the pursuit of long-term goals.
What is self-regulation?
This is the theory that states humans have 3 basic needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness
What is self-determination theory?
This is a genetic disease in which bones fracture easily, often with no obvious cause or minimal injury. Also known as “brittle bone disease.”
What is Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)?
Unequal or asymmetrical movement of arms and legs, trunk rigidity or arched back, stiffness in arms or legs, floppy or limp muscle tone.
What is motor red flag?
At this stage of fine motor development, a child can place their hands to their face.
What is 2-3 months?
This assessment assesses visual motor integration, visual perception, and motor coordination.
What is the Beery-VMI-6?
Provides sensory information specific to what is happening inside the body and being aware of internal sensations.
What is Interoception?
This term refers to the ability to locate items in a busy background and can be evaluated through activities including iSpy books, hidden pictures, and jigsaw puzzles
What is visual figure-ground?
These three categories help to explain the development of executive function skills.
What is Working Memory, Inhibitory Control, and Cognitive Flexibility?
Before children learn to self-regulate, what are they heavily reliant upon in infancy?
What is co-regulation?
There is no nerve communication below the injury site; sensory and motor function below this site is lost.
What is complete spinal cord injury?
This theory describes how motor performance results from an interaction between adaptable and flexible systems.
What is Dynamic systems theory?
This grasp begins in 8 months.
What is Raking Grasp?
This is the most common cause of permanent visual impairment in children.
What is cortical visual Impairment?
One's ability to discriminate between touch stimuli and proprioceptive stimuli.
What is somatosensory integration?
The ability to perceive the positions of objects in relation to oneself and or other objects, including: letter formation without reversals, correct spacing when writing on a line.
What is Visual Spatial Relations?
Examples of performance skill includes initiation, termination, sequencing, and timing of activities
What is process (i.e., cognitive) skills?
How do 0-3 month olds begin self-regulation?
What is sucking on hands and thumbs?
This mental health-informed approach is essential for working with kids who are administered to inpatient rehabilitation following acute injury (including accidental or non-accidental trauma).
What is Trauma-Informed Care?
Gross motor milestone for 9-month-olds.
What is sitting independently? This includes having sufficient motor support to be able to reach for toys without falling. Being able to independently sit while supporting oneself with your arms emerges around 6 months.
This type of grasp can be seen when picking up a cheerio.
What is a pincer grasp?
This norm-referenced assessment is based on observer and parent reports (allows for scoring based on a combination of standardized and “incidental” observations) for kids 16 days to 42 months, and measures: 1) Cognitive, 2) Language (Receptive and Expressive), 3) Motor (Fine Motor and Gross Motor), 4) Social Emotional, 5) Adaptive Behavior, 6) Communication (Receptive and Expressive), 7) daily Living Skills (Personal) and 8) Socialization (Interpersonal Relationships and Play and Leisure) domains.
What is Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - 4 (Bayley-4)?
Responses to sensations that are after, more intense than expected; responses may be to withdraw, avoid, or act aggressively.
What is sensory over-responsibility?
This visual perception skill is the "ability to recognize objects no matter their orientation".
What form constancy?
By this grade, children should have enough behavioral inhibition to complete simple errands with 2-3 step instructions and do homework for up to 20 minutes.
What is K-2nd grade?
This is the age that children will begin to copy movements and facial expressions.
What is 4-6 months?
This setting has premature babies
What is the population of NICU?
By this age, the infant should have mastered the ability to move from supine/prone to sitting.
What is 9 months?
Age kids snip with scissors.
What is 3 years old?
This global and norm-referenced assessment is based on clinical observation, interview of caregivers, and direct administration test items for kids 0-5 years, and evaluates 1) Cognition, 2) Communication (Receptive and Expressive), 3) Social-Emotional Development, 4) Physical Development (Fine Motor and Gross Motor), 5) Adaptive Behavior.
What is Developmental Assessment of Young Children - 2 (DAYC-2)?
Fun Fact: DAYC-2 has been recognized as a reliable and valid measure for early detection of cerebral palsy in children older than 5 months (corrected age).
This sense informs your body of where you are in space.
What is proprioception?
This is visual memory, visual closure, form constancy, visual-spatial relations, visual discrimination, visual attention, visual sequential memory, and visual figure-ground.
What are examples of visual perceptual skills?
If a child easily forgets rules, has difficulty with time management, and is unable to complete tasks efficiently, what are they demonstrating red flags with?
What is executive functioning?
This screener can be administered for children 0-42 months to determine their social-emotional status.
What is the Social-emotional growth chart (SEGC)?
The 3 main roles of occupational therapy in pediatric palliative/hospice care.
What are (1) participation in ADLs, IADLS, play, leisure, and school; (2) pain management/positioning; and (3) parent education/support?
In this reflex, 1) when the head moves backward, arms and legs will extend away from the body, and 2) when the head moves forward (chin toward chest), arms and legs will pull closer to the body. Thanks to this reflex, the baby learns how to straighten out from the fetal position, which is its initial response to gravity.
What is Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)?
As part of this injury, sensory nerves appear to be more resilient than motor nerves, and infants may often experience pain/tingling/shock sensations as the nerve recovers.
What is an OBPI injury?
This norm-referenced assessment can be administered to children 4-21 years, and measures 1) Fine Manual Control, 2) Manual Coordination, 3) Body Coordination, and 3) Strength and Agility.
What is Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2)?
This word refers to self-stimulating behaviors, usually involving repetitive movement or sounds.
What is Stimming?
What is the Beery-VMI-6 (Beery)?
Tests subscales of Visual Motor Integration, Visual Perception, Motor Coordination
This function is being tested to see if Katy can adjust her behavior when at home compared to when at school.
What is Cognitive Flexibility?
This assessment aims to measure the quality of social interaction in group settings for children (ages 18 mos-11 years) and adolescents and adults (ages 12+ ) through rating interactions including: (1) activity participation, (2) social interaction, and (3) group membership & roles
What is the Social Profile (SP)?
This is a fun way to evaluate upper extremity range of motion in kids under 6 years old.
What is doing the finger movements to a song (e.g., Itsy Bitsy Spider)?
Which assessment measures motor development in relation to weight distribution, posture, and movement against gravity in infants 0-18 months.
What is the AIMS?
At this age babies typically begin to reach for toys using both arms, begin to transfers object from one hand to another, and hold hands together?
What is 3-6 months old?
This norm-referenced assessment can be administered to kids 4-12 years old and measures 1) Motor-reduced Visual Perception, 2) Visual-Motor Integration, and 3) General Visual Perception (combination of motor-reduced and motor-enhanced subtests).
What is the Developmental Test of Visual Perception-3 (DTVP-3)?
A person who exhibits this type of Sensory Processing Pattern may miss sensory cues more than their peers.
What is a bystander?
This is the ability to recognize objects no matter their orientation.
What is form constancy?
Wet of skills that underlie the capacity to plan, meet goals, display self-control, follow multiple-step directions, even when interrupted, and stay focused despite distractions.
What is executive function?
These are the 5 social emotional domains (or skills) encompassed in Social Emotional Learning (SEL) curricula.
What are
1) Self-awareness
2) Self-management
3) Social Awareness
4) Relationship Skills
5) Responsible Decision-making?
This a quick test that examines the baby when their born and is done by the medical team to determine if the baby needs additional medical attention.
What is APGARS?
Risks include hip dislocation, reduced core muscle strength, increase in muscle tightness, restricted ability to perform cross-body actions, and no established hand dominance.
What are the risks of the "W" sit?
At this age, the child will begin to use a spoon.
What is 10-12 months?
When completing this assessment, the child (or anyone else between 4-8 years old) might say, "LOOK MOM! NO HANDS!"
What is Motor-free Visual Perception Test – 4 (MVPT-4)?
What Dunn's Sensory Processing Model?
Consists of 4 Sensory Processing Patterns: Bystanders Seekers, Sensors, Avoiders
This is the assessment that examines the areas of visual motor integration, visual perceptual, and motor coordination.
What is the Beery VMI-6
At what age do children begin demonstrating skills of object permanence and sequencing of actions?
What is 7-9 months?
The ability to control one's behavior, thoughts, emotions in pursuit of long-term goals.
What is self-regulation?
Evaluation and services must be provided in collaboration with the whole family
What is family centered care?
This baby reacts to a finger being placed in their hand.
What is the palmar reflex.
Emily is a child who is at the stage where she can draw simple shapes and circles.
What is stage 2?
This handwriting assessment offers a full protocol that can be used to evaluate handwriting for kids K-6.
Handwriting Assessment Protocol 3 (MHAP 3)
Sensory integration theory places the strongest emphasis on which senses?
What is vestibular, tactile, and proprioceptive?
This is the age when babies can remember their parents face.
What is 1 month?
By this grade, children should have sufficient behavioral inhibition and self-regulation to behave when an adult is away from the room (including doing chores for 15-30 minutes or homework for 1 hour).
What is 3-5 grade?
Evaluation and services must incorporate and empower the child’s and family’s strengths
What is strengths-based practice?
By this age, the child should have met the milestone of walking independently.
What is 15 months?
This typical pencil grasp follows the digital pronate grasp (2-3 years)?
What is the quadrupod grasp (3-4 years)?
One thing all handwriting assessments have in common.
They all require the child to write!
Unless it is "Here's How I Write (HHIW)," which only requires kids to talk about how they feel about writing because it's self-report.
This is less intense than over-responsivity, but a withdrawal from sensory input
What is sensory avoiding?
This self-report assessment looks at handwriting domains, posture domains, and affective domains.
What is the Here's How I Write (HHIW)?
The ability to pause and think before an activity supports the capacity to resist temptations, distractions, and habits.
What is an inhibitory control response?
What are Common Presentations of Pediatric Brain Injury?
- Postures (decorticate, decerebrate, opisthotonos, side preferences)
- Decreased ROM and abnormal tone (hypertonia, spasticity, dystonia, ataxia, hypotonia)
- Changes in state and emotional regulation, cognition, communication, and vision
- Decreased ADLs, IADLs, functional mobility
- Loss of developmental milestones
In this reflex, when the baby turns their head, the arm and leg on the side where their head is turned are extended (also known as “fencer’s reflex”). This reflex supports 1) eye-hand coordination, 2) horizontal eye pursuits - scanning, and 3) stimulates all sensory systems – visual, tactile, and body awareness.
What is Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)?
In children with cerebral palsy (CP), occupational therapists must evaluate fine motor control of the affected extremities as well as this fine and visual motor skills.
What are bilateral coordination and functional use of both upper extremities during bimanual activities, such as ADL, IADL, school, and play?
This person may frequently tap their foot or click their pen while studying. They might enjoy and actively seek out environments with lots of sensory input, such as concerts.
What is an example of a Seeker?
This skill is helpful when playing a spot-the-difference game.
What is Visual Discrimination?
For this setting, the evaluation and intervention focus includes family-centered care, being in a natural environment, and supporting child development and family goals by integrating therapeutic activities into the family routines.
What is early intervention?
The milestone of "walks up and down the stairs independently" is typically seen by this age.
What is 18-24 months?
This is the type of pencil grasp you would expect to see for a 2 year old.
What is digital pronate grasp.
A child can both be over and under responsive to different or the same stimuli
What is sensory modulation?
This piece of legislature outlines EI access and services outlined through an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) for infants aged 0-3 years old
What is IDEA Part C Program?
In this reflex, when the head moves backward (lifts away from the chest), the legs bend, and the arms straighten. Alternatively, when the head moves forward (moves toward the chest), the legs straighten, and the arms bend (often resulting in the hips going up). This reflex is often seen as a precursor to crawling because it supports the initial disassociation of upper and lower body movement.
What is Symmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)?
The ability to recognize and understand objects through touch, using sensory information such as temperature, size, texture, weight, and shape.
What is Haptic Perception?
This theory and intervention integrates the sequential processes of human development and its experiential influences while emphasizing vestibular, tactile, and proprioceptive senses
What is Ayres Sensory Integration Theory?
This assessment is used in children age 6 months - adolescence and assesses self care, mobility, and cognition.
What is the WeeFIM?
This reflex results in response to a loss of balance, the child extends their arms to catch themselves. Unlike other infant reflexes, this reflex appears at different stages and persists for life.
What is Protective Extension Reflex?
Note: This reflex can occur in different directions. The Protective Extension Reflex Forward is also called a Downward Parachute.
Cutting a variety of shapes out with scissors is integrated by what age?
What is 6-7 years old?
This aspect of sensory integration involves motor planning and bilateral integration and enables the child to adapt and react to their environment.
What is praxis?
Place where typical stays is anywhere from 2 weeks to 3-4 months, and patients must receive 3+ hours of therapy a day.
What is inpatient rehabilitation?
At this age, kids will typically begin to ride a tricycle.
What is 24-36 Months?
Grip and pinch strength are associated with independence in what type of activities?
What are functional activities, including handwriting legibility and speed?
These are groups or types of behaviors that demonstrate how the person takes in and responds to sensory information.
What are sensory processing patterns?
Medical name for abnormal decreased muscle tone.
What is hypotonia?