Fluid Balance
Interventions for a patient with fluid volume excess?
What are daily weight, diuretics, Fluid and Sodium restrictions, I & O, semi or high fowler's position.
The normal range for serum calcium.
What is 9 to 11 mg/dL?
The normal range for sodium (Na)
What is 135 to 145 mEq/L?
The normal range for potassium and magnesium.
What is Potassium - 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L and
Magnesium - 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L
Normal values for pH, PCO2 and HCO3
Normal pH = 7.35 to 7.45
Normal PCO2 = 35 to 45
Normal HCO3- = 22-26
Interventions for a patient with deficient fluid volume?
What are daily weight, I & O, Increase fluid intake, treat underlying cause
Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia
What are facial spasms, lips, tingling sensation around mouth, mental status changes, increased and irregular heart rate, Trousseau's sign, Chvostek's sign.
Patients at risk for developing hypocalcemia
What are Patients with NPO status, use of diuretics, GI suctioning, decreased aldosterone, and excess ingestion of hypotonic fluids?
Signs/symptoms of hypomagnesemia and the
the population is vulnerable to hypomagnesemia.
What are positive Trousseau's sign and Chvostek's sign, increased and irregular heart rate, mental status changes, diarrhea and abdominal cramping, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes?
What are alcoholics?
Health problems of a patient at risk for respiratory acidosis.
What are Chronic lung diseases such as COPD, drug overdose, or anything condition that causes the patient to hypoventilate?
Expected signs/symptoms in a patient with fluid volume excess.
What are bounding pulse, increased BP, weight gain, increased and dilute urine output , increased and shallow respirations, possible neck vein distention, pitting edema, & crackles?
Important to monitor calcium levels following a thyroidectomy.
What is hypocalcemia?
Symptoms of hyponatremia
What are weakness, N/V/D, mental status changes such as confusion, disorientation and personality changes?
Sign/symptoms of hypokalemia
What are muscle fatigue and cramping, mental status changes, shallow ineffective respirations due to diminished skeletal muscle activity, irregular and weak/thready pulse, dysrhythmias?
A nursing action for a patient experiencing a severe anxiety episode.
What is having the patient breathe into a paper bag?
Expected findings for a patient who dehydrated.
Skin tenting, dry mucous membranes, thirst, decrease urine output.
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
What are increased BP and pulse, skeletal muscle weakness, decreased GI motility including diarrhea, severe fatigue, confusion.
Signs/symptoms of hypernatremia?
What are thirst, mental status changes due to too little water in and around the brain, tremors, seizures, muscle weakness?
Signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia
What are muscle twitching and cramps, muscle weakness, hypotension, slow and irregular heart rate, dysrhythmias, and cardiac arrest?
The correct interpretation of the following ABG?
pH = 7.31
PaCO2 = 52 mmHg
HCO3- = 26 mEq/L
What is respiratory Acidosis?
Expected lab results for a client with dehydration.
Increased Hct and BUN and increased urine specific gravity,
Interventions for hypercalcemia
What are telemetry monitoring, IV fluids, medications including the diuretic, and meds that slow calcium movement from bones to the blood such as calcitonin.
Interventions for hypernatremia
What are daily weight, I & O, diuretics, and sodium restriction?
Food sources for potassium
What are potatoes, sweet potatoes, soybeans, bananas, tomato juice, dried apricots, kidney beans, orange juice, spinach?
The expected blood gas values for a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis.
What is pH less than 7.35, PCO2 between 35-45, HCO3- of less than 22?