heart attack, stroke, epilepsy
cpr
burns, bites and stings
fractures and dislocations
diabetes, asthma, anaphylaxis
100
What is a common symptom of a heart attack?
Chest pain or discomfort, which may be accompanied by pain in the arms, back, neck, or jaw, shortness of breath, or nausea.
100
Outline the roles of DRSABCD
Danger: check for danger first for yourself, then bystanders and then the casualty
Response: check for response of the casualty
Send for help: call/or get someone else to call 000
Airway: open mouth and check for foreign material. If so place in recovery position + clear the airway with 2 fingers
Breathing: LOOK! LISTEN! FEEL! For breathing
CPR: start CPR (30 compressions: 2 breaths)
Defibrillation: apply defibrillator if available
100
List some visible signs of a burn? What is the first step you should take if someone has a minor burn?
Signs: Swelling, redness, blistering
Gently cool the burn under cool running water for at least 10 minutes.
100
Outline the RICE acronym
Rest, Ice, compress and elevation
100
Define anaphylaxis
A life threatening allergic reaction. Can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure
200
If someone is having a seizure, what should you do to ensure their safety?
Move any nearby dangerous objects away from the person and place a soft cushion or cloth under their head. Do not try to restrain their movements or put anything in their mouth.
200
What is depth of compression and positioning
On back, head tilt, chin lift, one-third depth of chest. position of shoulder and arms directly over chest
200
How should you treat a snake bite?
Call 000. Apply a pressure immobilisation bandage. Immobilise limb with a splint
200
How should a first aider approach a patient with dislocation?
Unless the first aider is a medical specialist, do not attempt to reposition. Patient should rest in a comfortable position until medical attention arrives
200
What is a common symptom of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) in a person with diabetes?
Symptoms of low blood sugar can include shakiness, sweating, confusion, irritability, and dizziness.
300
Define what an epilepsy is
Epilepsy is a seizure triggered by an abnormally high discharge of electrical activity to the brain.
300
When should the first aider stop CPR
Until defib, help arrives or patient recovers
300
What are the first aid steps to treating a bee sting?
Remove sting by scraping or flicking sideways (do not squeeze). Apply cold compress to reduce swelling and pain. Monitor for allergic reactions. Seek medical advice
300
What are the common signs of a fracture?
Swelling, Deformity, Loss of movement, Extreme pain
300
How should you use an epinephrine auto-injector if someone has a severe allergic reaction?
Inject the epinephrine into the outer thigh and call emergency services immediately.
400
List 5 possible signs and symptoms of a heart attack
Discomfort in the middle of the chest, Possible pain in arm and neck, Irregular pulse, Shortness of breath, Pale cool, sweating skin, Collapse, Shock
400
What are the key steps in performing CPR on a child or infant?
Use one or two hands and compress to a depth of about 2 inches. For an infant, use two fingers and compress to a depth of about 1.5 inches.
400
What is the appropriate first aid treatment for a chemical burn?
Remove any contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with lukewarm water for at least 20 minutes. Ensure that the water is not too hot or too cold.
400
Differentiate the different types of fractures
HINT: open, closed & complicated
Open → wound exposing at fracture site or bone is protruding from skin
Closed → bone is fractured but no obvious external wound
Complicated → damage to vital organs and major blood vessels
400
How can you tell if someone is having low blood sugar versus high blood sugar?
Low blood sugar often causes shakiness and confusion, while high blood sugar may cause extreme thirst and frequent urination.
500
What is the first step in managing a suspected heart attack while waiting for professional help to arrive?
Have the person sit down and try to keep calm. If they are conscious and able, administer aspirin (unless contraindicated) to help prevent further blood clotting. Ensure they are monitored for any worsening symptoms, and provide reassurance until medical help arrives.
500
How should CPR be adjusted for a victim with a suspected spinal injury?
Minimise movement of the head and neck, perform chest compressions with minimal to no movement of the torso, and use a jaw-thrust manoeuvre for opening the airway if trained.
500
Differentiate 1st, 2nd and third degree burn
1st - This type of burn affects only the outer layer of skin.
2nd - This type of burn involves both the outer and inner layers of skin and may blister.
3rd - This type of burn extends through all layers of the skin and may require surgical intervention.
500
One of your teammates tripped and fell down really hard on their arm. Administer first aid accordingly with the bandage.
500
What information is helpful to give to emergency responders if someone is having a severe asthma attack or allergic reaction?
Provide details about the person’s medical condition, what symptoms they are experiencing, and any treatments or medications they have used.