Domains of life
What are the three domains of life?
Archea, Bacteria, Eukarya
What’s the direction of information flow in a cell?
DNA ---> RNA ----> Protein
What does the pH measure?
Concentration of hydrogen ions [H⁺] in a solution.
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom make?
4
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What is the biological organization of living matter, from smallest to largest? Which category is it from properties of life?
Atom, Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere.
Order.
What’s an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
What is the neutral pH, what is acidic pH, what is basic pH?
neutral pH =7, acidic pH <7, basic pH >7
What is the octet rule
Atoms tend to bond in a way that they have eight electrons in their outermost shell
What is the building block of nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
What is the term for maintaining a stable internal environment?
Homeostasis
What macromolecules are responsible for protein synthesis
transfer RNA, messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA
What are the different types of isomers?
Structural ( different covalent arrangments of atoms) , Geometric ( different arrangment around C=C), enantiomers ( opposite 3D shape )
Can you order the chemical bonds from the strongest to the weakest?
Covalent bond> ionic bond> hydrogen bond> VDWI
What are the purines and pyrimidines in nucleic acids?
A and G , purines in DNA and RNA
Pyrimidines , U in RNA , T and C in DNA
Which macromolecule was used to classify the three domains of life?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What macromolecule is responsible for gene regulation?
microRNA
What do organisms use to keep their cellular pH near neutral?
Buffers
What is the chemical process by which biological macromolecules are synthesized? What is the chemical process by which biological macromolecules are broken down?
Dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis
What is the bond that stabilizes the double helical structure of the DNA?
Hydrogen bond
What are the seven basic properties of life?
Order, sensitivity or response to stimuli, reproduction growth development, adaption, regulation and homeostasis, energy processing , evolution
What is the basis for hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of compounds?
What is the difference between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon, saturated and unsaturated carbons
aliphatic compounds have linear hydrocarbon chains while aromatic compounds have hydrocarbon rings. saturated is carbon with single bond while unsaturated is double or triple bonds between atoms
What is the covalent bond that connects the amino acids in a protein called?
peptide bond
What is the covalent bond that forms the basis of the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and RNA?
Phosphodiester bond