The basics
Type of variable that remains unchanged throughout the study.
Independent variable
Type of validity that assesses the extent to which the design of a study supports its conclusions.
Internal Validity
The way participants are allocated to conditions in a true experiment.
Randomly/ Random Sampling
Reliance on the first piece of information you have.
Anchoring
Type of research where variables are measured, not manipulated.
Correlational/ observational
Type of variable that is manipulated in an experiment.
Dependent Variable
Type of validity that assesses the extent to which the study's results generalize to other situations, people, settings, and measures.
External Validity
Type of sampling method where individuals who happen to be nearby and willing to participate are recruited.
Convenience sample
Predicting the outcome of a new scenario based on past experiences
Representativeness
Type of design that collects data from one group of people across time.
Longitudinal
Nominal and ordinal scales of measurement are these types of variables.
Categorical Variables
Construct Validity
This type of sampling is helpful when you're studying rare populations.
Snowball sampling
Processing information and looking for, or interpreting, information consistent with current beliefs.
Confirmation bias
A research method where all participants are exposed to every condition/level of the experiment.
An abstract concept or idea that is not directly observable, but is inferred from observable, measurable variables.
Construct
Type of validity that assesses the soundness of the results and use of proper analysis methods.
Statistical Validity
A sampling method where participants are divided into subgroups (or strata).
Stratified random sampling
The tendency to remember information that has been presented recently.
Recency effect
ABA is an acronym used to describe these conditions in a single-case design.
A= Baseline condition, B= Experimental condition
The three criteria for establishing a causal relationship.
1) Temporal precedence, 2) Covariance (cause and effect), and 3) No third variable
An acronym used to describe the typical characteristics of participants studied and described in psychological research.
WEIRD populations
A sampling method where individuals are recruited according to specific traits or qualities as a way to represent a certain population.
Quota Sampling
The tendency for memories to be heavily influenced by things that happened after the event itself.
Misinformation effect
This type of research resembles true experiments but lacks a fully independent variable and does not use either random selection and/or counterbalancing.
Quasi experiments