Appeal Outcomes
Your case was affirmed on appeal to a higher court
Affirmed
The citing case disagrees with the soundness of the opinion (but may not have jurisdiction or authority to materially affect precedential value of your case)
Criticized
A second hearing of the case, usually to consider an alleged error or opinion in the court’s judgment or opinion
Rehearing
A subsequent opinion has been substituted for your case
Superseded
All of the opinions issued in conjunction with a single piece of litigation (i.e., what has happened to your case on appeal and remand, or prior and subsequent history)
Direct History
Petition for certiorari denied (your case will not be reviewed by the higher court)
Cert denied
The soundness of the decision or reasoning in your case is being questioned
Questioned
An action which has been appealed from a lower court to a higher court has been discontinued without further hearing
Dismissed
An opinion from a different piece of litigation (i.e., cases that cite your original case)
Indirect History
Your case was overturned on appeal to a higher court
Reversed
The citing case is interpreting your case in a significant way
Explained
Your opinion has been rendered void and is no longer of precedential value
Vacated
Your case is being relied upon as controlling or persuasive authority
Followed
The citing case was found to be different from your case in significant aspects, either a different fact pattern or a different application of the law
Distinguished