Nucleic Acids
What is the Central Dogma?
DNA->RNA->Protein
What is the bond between carbohydrates called?
glycosidic bond
What is the structure of phospholipids?
Hydrophilic Polar head
Hydrophobic nonpolar tail
What are two examples of prokaryotic cells?
Archea & Bacteria
What is a carbonyl group?
C=O
How many H bonds can a C-G pair form?
3
What organism stores chemical energy as starch?
plants
What is one way you can distinguish a unsaturated vs saturated fat?
Double bond in the middle and bent is unsaturated
What are four things that all cells have?
1. nucleic acids
2. proteins
3. carbohydrates
4. plasma membrane
What are three characteristics that affect the permeability of a cell?
1. Temperature
2. Hydrocarbon chain length and bond saturation
3. Presence of cholesterol
Why is it that RNA can catalyze reactions, but DNA cannot?
The sugar of RNA is much more reactive than the sugar of DNA
What is the range of carbons that are usually in a monosaccharide?
3-7 carbons
What is the importance of steroids?
They are important to plasma membranes and used as signal molecules
What is the function of pilli?
share genetic information
Which aspect of phospholipids is most important to the formation of bilayers?
Who discovered the number of Adenine=the number of Thymine
Chargaff
Explain Chitin
-carbohydrate found in animals with shells
-protection/structure
-has a beta bond, so we can't digest it
How do you know if a molecule is a trans fat?
The H atoms are on opposite sides in the middle
What is a genome and in what cell is it found?
a circular chromosome in prokaryotic cells
Why does active transport require energy?
It is going up a concentration gradient
What are the four structured of RNA?
Primary- Nucleobase pairing
Secondary- Stem Loop
Tertiary- 3D folding
Quaternary- association of several RNA molecules
Why do humans/animals store glycogen rather than starch?
Glycogen is much more polymerized and branched than starch
Alpha bonds
What is the purpose of osmosis?
Water moving across a selectively permeable membrane
High water concentration to low water concentration
Occur when a solute can not pass through a selectively permeable membrane
-fimbrae
-flagella
-genome
-pilli
Name some factors that influence diffusion rates:
Concentration gradients
Mass of the molecules
Temperature
Solvent density
Solubility
Surface area
Distance traveled
Pressure