Pharmocology
What drug is used to treat Erythroblastosis fetalis? Why is this injection important?
RhoGAM; the injection is important because the mother's anti-Rh antibodies are attacking her child's Rh positive red blood cells which can cause miscarriages or stillborn babies
What is the normal range of hematocrit on males and females?
Males: 42-52% Females: 37-47%
True or False
Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) are produced in the Neurohypophysis.
False, they are stored there
What type of white blood cell is affected in infectious mononucleosis?
Lymphocytes, but it was originally thought to be monocytes
What is blood viscosity?
The thickness or stickiness of blood.
Which drug is paired with the correct brand name and generic name?
A. Spironolactone (Nizoral)
B. Ketoconazole (Glucophage)
C. Pegvisomant (Somavert)
D. Octreotide (Synthroid)
C. Pegvisomant (Somavert)
How many oxygen molecules can one molecules of hemoglobin transport?
Hemoglobin can transport 4 oxygen molecules.
Explain PIP2 second messenger system
Hormone binds to receptor, receptor activates G protein (GDP to GTP), stimulates Phospholipase C, splits into IP3 and DAG, IP3 causes smooth ER to release calcium, DAG assists calcium to get into cell to activate PTK, some calcium bind to calmodulin, which all amplifies response of target cell
What is the difference between Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus? Dissect these further into types
Diabetes Mellitus is broken down into Type 1, a lack of insulin, or Type 2, insulin resistance.
Diabetes Insipidus is broken down into Neurogenic, a lack of ADH caused by a brain tumor/trauma, or Nephrogenic, where kidney receptors are unresponsive to ADH.
What is the difference between permissiveness and synergism?
Permissiveness explains that one hormone cannot exert effects without another hormone being present.
Synergism explains that one hormone can exert effects, but another hormone amplifies this effect
Which condition can be treated with B12 injections?
Pernicious Anemia (Macrocytic Hypochromic Anemia)
Put the steps together for the following: Production of Erythrocytes (Erythropoiesis)
a.Basophilic Erythroblast
b. Orthochromatic erythroblast
c. Proerythroblast
d. hemocytoblast (stem cell)
e. polychromatic erythroblast
f. reticulocyte
g. erythroctye
d, c, a, e, b, f, g
What is the order of the vascular system in the adenohypophysis?
R/I hormones release into superior hypophyseal artery, primary capillary plexus, then stimulate release of hormones in the hypophyseal portal veins, which move into secondary capillary plexus, then to general circulation
What are the 3 P's in Diabetes Mellitus?
Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia
Which of the following would NOT reduce the effectiveness of a hormone on its target tissue?
A. decreased hormone levels in the blood.
B. Up-regulation
C. Decreased affinity
D. Down regulation
B. Up regulation
What step does Irbesartan stop in the Renin angiotensin pathway?
Angiotensin II stimulates production of aldosterone?
Why are red blood cells shaped as anucleate biconcave disc? What gives RBCs their flexibility?
RBCs are shaped as anucleate biconcave discs because their functions require them to carry hemoglobin to transport oxygen and waste around the body through small vessels and capillaries. Spectrin give it flexibility
What are the structures that make up the adrenal cortex? Deep to superficial. What is produced in each?
Medulla (Norepinephrine and Epinephrine)
Reticularis (androgens)
Fasciculata (glucocorticoids)
Glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids)
capsule
In sickle cell anemia, one of the 146 amino acids in the globin beta chain is incorrect. Identify the amino acid and correct it.
Glutamate should replace valine in the globin beta chain
What is Thrombocytopenia? Breakdown the word
Thrombo ( clot), cyto (cell), penia (lack or deficiency of)
I take benazepril, what steps in the renin angiotensin pathway cannot occur?
Angiotensin I to angiotensin II, Angiotensin II stimulates Aldosterone and vasoconstriction of blood vessels, water and Na+ reabsorption, elimination of K+ into urine, blood volume/pressure increase
none
where is insulin and glucagon produced?
Beta cells (insulin) and alpha cells (glucagon) in islet of Langerhans
What binds to iron in the body to keep it from becoming toxic?
Hemosiderin
What is a thrombus?
A freely floating clot in the body