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Domains of Life

100

Name the three domains of life. 

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

200

Which domain contains organisms with membrane-bound organelles? 

Eukarya

300

Which domain includes unicellular organisms like bacteria?

Bacteria

400

Which domain includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Eukarya

500

Name an example of an organism from the Archaea domain.

Methanogens(or Halophiles, Thermophiles)

Properties of Life

100

What is the process called where organisms evolve over time? 

Evolution

200

Which property of life involves maintaining internal stability?

Homeostasis

300

Which property of life involves energy processing?

Metabolism

400

Which property of life involves the ability to reproduce?

Reproduction

500

Which property involves evolutionary adaptation?

Natural Selection

Cell Structure

100

Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

No

200

Do eukaryotes have a nucleus?

Yes

300

What is the size range of prokaryotic cells?

0.1 to 5.0 μm

400

What is the size range of eukaryotic cells? 

10-100 μm 

500

What are 4 similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

They all contain a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA.

Evolution and Natural Selection

100

Give one example of natural selection. 

Peppered moths during the Industrial Revolution.

200

What is an example of artificial selection? 

Dog breeding or domestic dogs

300

Which part of natural selection is random? 

Mutations

400

Give an example of convergent evolution. 

Wings of bats and birds

500

Explain how the sickle cell allele is an example of natural selection.

Individuals with one sickle cell allele are resistant to malaria, leading to higher allele frequency in malaria-prone regions. 

Genetics and Molecular Biology

100

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Nucleotides 

200

What is the primary structure of DNA?

 Linear sequence of nucleotides

300

What is the process by which DNA is copied?

DNA replication

400

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix structure, and it uses the sugar deoxyribose along with the base thymine. In contrast, RNA is single-stranded, uses the sugar ribose, and substitutes the base uracil for thymine.

500

What are the three types of RNA and their roles?

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA):

   • Role: mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. It is transcribed from the DNA in the nucleus and then moves to the cytoplasm for translation.

2. Transfer RNA (tRNA):

   • Role: tRNA is responsible for bringing the correct amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. It reads the mRNA's codons and matches them with the appropriate amino acids via its anticodon, ensuring that the protein is assembled in the correct sequence.

3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA):

   • Role: rRNA is a key structural and functional component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machines that synthesize proteins. It helps align the mRNA and tRNA and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein assembly.

 These are the three main types of RNA, each playing a crucial role in the process of translating genetic information into proteins.