What is the formula?
Mental maths
Name the field of maths
Mathematicians
Numbers
100

finds the length of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle

Pythagorean theorem: a2+b2=c2

100

5+18-2

21

100

Triangles

Trigonometry

100

a2+b2=c2

Pythagoras

100

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, ...

Prime numbers

200

y=mx+c

Equation of a line

200

(9-18)*3

-27

200

Shapes, lines, and points

Geometry

200

1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,...

Fibonacci

200

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, ..

Square numbers

300

L * (a+b)/2

Area of a trapezoid

300

17+19-94

-58

300

Finding unknowns 

Algebra

300

ei*pi=-1

Euler

300

pi, sqrt(2), e

Irrational numbers

400

Quadratic formula: finds roots of a quadratic ax2+bx+c

x=-b....

400

8x-11=-5

x=0.75

400

Finding the rate of change

Derivatives - Differential Calculus

400

Founded calculus (name both for double points)

Newton and Liebinz

400

1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720

Factorials

500

First principles of calculus - Limit definition of a derivative

f'(x) = lim(h->0)  [f(x+h)-f(x)] / h     

500

x2+4x-12=0

x=2, x=-6

500

Vectors, lines, and planes

linear algebra

500

Sum of natural numbers from 1 to n = n(n+1)/2

Gauss

500

a+bi

Complex numbers