1.A
the primary purpose of a hypothesis in psychological research
What is to propose a testable explanation?
measures and quantifies the ways humans think, feel and act, generating quantitative data that can be analysed using mathematics and statistics to explain some psychological phenomenon, which can then be generalised to a larger group.
what is quantitative research?
Generally more interpretive than quantitative research and helps us understand the psychology behind ones perspectives on the world.
what is qualitative research?
This measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme values
What is mean?
refers to the 'truthfulness' of a measure, and whether it really measures what it is purported to.
what is validity?
measures whether the results of a study would be comparable if the study were to be repeated by the same or different researchers at different times.
what is replication?
the main advantage of stratified random sampling
what is it ensures representations of subgroups?
These 3 research methods are different from true experiments because they don't offer the same amount of control
what are quasi, natural, and field experiments?
This type of data is collected in qualitative research.
What is verbal and observational?
These are the most common uses of data presentation
what are graphs and tables?
refers to the replicability or the consistency of a given measure, and whether similar results are gained through similar repetitions, even if conducted by different researchers.
what is reliability?
When the results from the sample apply to the target population.
what is generalization?
predicts no effect (meaning, a manipulated variable is expected to cause no change in the measured variable)
what is the null hypothesis
a statistical technique used to show the relationship between two variables
what is a correlation?
detailed study on a specific topic such as a specific group, person, phenomenon, event, place, or even organization.
what is a case study?
useful for describing the data more precisely than a distribution, including central tendency and dispersal.
What are descriptive statistics?
a criterion used in qualitative research to evaluate the trustworthiness of a study, by indicating whether research findings are congruent with the subjective experience of participants.
what is credibility?
this is the primary goal of replication in psychological research.
what is to verify and solidify the findings?
variable that can be measured, such as height, talkativeness, levels of depression, memory capacity, and so on
what is a quantifiable variable ?
a key limitation of correlation studies in psychology
what is cannot establish causation?
A focus group is a type of this research.
What is an interview?
means that the data has been analyzed with inferential tests, and a 'significance' is expressed in numerical form as a probability that the results were obtained by chance or sampling error.
what is statistical significance?
like generalisability, in that it considers the applicability of research findings to other settings or populations
what is transferability?
the concept in psychology emphasizes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
what is holism?
ethical consideration involves returning participants to their original psychological state after a study
what is debriefing?
this is the primary goal in qualitative research
what is establish cause and effect relationships?
a type of research where one takes note of and observes something or someone without disturbing them or breaking their natural habits.
What is naturalistic observation?
these do not allow for scores between any two values, like a coin flip or an IB exam score (for example, no half marks – a score might be 6 or 7 but not in between).
what are discreet variables?
any factor that distorts the results of a study, presumably because the factor was not controlled for.
what is bias?
measuring the same behaviour using multiple methods or multiple viewpoints to help validate the results or findings of a study.
what is triangularization?