The Fossil Record and Transitions
What is the name of our fishy ancestor who had limbs underwater?
Tiktaalik
What kind of information do ancestors/parents pass on to their offspring to inherit specific traits?
DNA/genes
heterozygous
A person is born with one blue eye and one brown eye. This mutation is an example of...
neutral mutation
This word means 'to change' or 'shift.'
transition
Why don’t we have fossils of the soft parts of organisms?
They were either eaten or rotted away.
Give a feature and trait of a butterfly.
Feature: wing
Trait: wing color/pattern
This model is used to predict the probability that an organism will inherit a specific trait.
Punnett Square
This word describes a trait that increases an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing.
adaptation
This tool represents how life on Earth is connected based on shared characteristics and a common ancestor.
cladogram
This concept is an example of relative dating that relies on rock layer to determine an object's age.
principle of superposition
In a cladogram, there is a horizontal line that sections off each 'branch' of the tree of evolutionary history. These lines represent...
shared traits/characteristics
Given that B (blue) is dominant and P (pink) is recessive, a dolphin that has the alleles BP will be what color?
blue
Identify one sign that speciation has occurred.
1) Organism can only mate among themselves and cannot mate with other types.
2) Organism must be able to produce fertile offspring.
This is the process of one species developing into two or more species that can no longer mate due to geographic separation.
speciation
Describe how the fossil record provides evidence for the history of life on Earth.
Fossils provide clues about the types of organisms that lived in the past and how they have changed over time. They can determine how different species are related to each other and how they have evolved over millions of years.
Explain the difference between a genotype and a phenotype.
Genotype: specific genes that make up an organism (genetic info; not always visible)
Phenotype: appearance based on gene expression (physical looks)
Given G (green) is dominant and g (yellow) is recesesive, what is the likelihood/percentage that pea parents with GG and Gg alleles will have a child that is green?
100% (4/4)
This word describes how individuals best adapted to their environment tend to survive and pass on their traits.
natural selection
This term is used to describe a pair of alleles that contains either a pair of dominant alleles or a pair of recessive alleles.
homozygous
Explain why the one bone/two bones/many bones/digits limb pattern is important in explaining the origin of tetrapods.
Scientists can use the limb pattern to study change over time. The small changes show transition from fish with fins living in water to tetrapods living on land.
Explain the connection between DNA, genes, and proteins.
DNA has genetic information. Genes are segments of DNA that code for a specific protein. Proteins determine traits and maintain cell function.
Place the following in order: nucleus, DNA, cell, chromosome, gene
cell --> nucleus--> chromosome --> DNA --> gene
Name one condition needed for natural selection to occur.
1) Variations of traits exist in the population (ex. size, length, ability, color)
2) Traits depend on heredity (pass on genes to the next generation)
3) Individuals have traits that provide better adaptation to an environment for survival and reproduction
This is the process where individuals are best adapted for life in their environment and tend to survive and pass traits to following generations.
natural selection