States of Matter
What are the three primary states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, and Gas
Name the phase change that occurs when a liquid becomes a solid.
Freezing
What is the difference between the independent and dependent variable?
The independent variable is directly changed by the experimenter. The dependent variable changes based on the independent variable.
What is the formula for calculating density?
D=m/V
What does Mr. Brown say at the end of every class?
I love you 3000!
True or False: Gasses have a definite volume and definite shape.
False
What is the process called when a solid turns directly into a gas?
Sublimation
Explain the importance of confounding (control) variables in an experiment.
They help isolate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable; keep influential factors constant
What is the formula for calculating volume if the mass and density is given?
V = m/D
What is the name of Mr. Brown's dog?
Athena
Of the three primary states of matter, which state of matter do particles have the most kinetic energy?
Gas
What is the process called when a gas turns into a liquid?
Condensation
What is a hypothesis?
An idea or explanation that is tested through a study or experimentation.
What units are commonly used to express density?
g/mL; g/cm3; g/L
How are mass and weight different from each other?
Mass is the amount of matter an object has and doesn't change regardless of location; Weight is depends on the gravitational force.
Give two names that describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.
Crystalline and Amorphous
What happens to kinetic energy during condensation?
The kinetic energy decreases.
What is the difference between an observation and an inference?
An observation is a fact (seen, heard, smelled, measured, felt); An inference is a possible outcome (guesses we make based on observations)
Why do objects float or sink when placed in a fluid?
Objects float when the density is less than the density of the fluid; Objects sink when the density is more than the density of the fluid.
Describe the relationship between speed of particles, kinetic energy, and temperature.
They are directly proportional: if one increases, so will the others.
Describe the difference between a solid and liquid (Give 3 characteristics of each)
Solid: definite shape, definite volume, particles locked in position, particles vibrate, strong molecular attraction
Liquid: no definite shape, definite volume, particles move around freely/flow, weak molecular attraction
What happens to temperature and kinetic energy during a change of state of matter?
It remains constant, so that the energy is used to change the spacing between the particles.
Sara is trying to answer the scientific question of, how does the speed of a person affect the time it takes to run a mile? Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and 3 confounding (control) variables.
IV: speed of person
DV: time to complete mile
CV: running shoes, track, weather conditions, location
Explain how to determine the density of a crayon using an electronic scale, graduated cylinder, and water.
Use the graduated cylinder to find the volume (water displacement method). Take the mass of the crayon. Divide the mass of the crayon by the volume of the crayon.
Describe what happens to the kinetic energy of particles of a hot liquid and cold solid when they come into contact.
The cold liquids kinetic energy increases while the hot liquid kinetic energy decreases until they stabilize.