Ethics
This ethical concept emphasizes the fair distribution of resources and protection for the vulnerable in public health.
What is justice?
This type of disease requires mandatory reporting to public health authorities due to its potential for widespread harm.
What is an infectious disease?
This is a major driver of racial and ethnic health disparities in the U.S., according to recent research.
What is mass incarceration?
This international convention, established in 1990, aims to protect the rights of this specific vulnerable group, ensuring their access to health, safety, and dignity.
What is the Migrant Workers Convention?
This public health principle states that regulations should be implemented when there is a potential risk to health, even if all scientific evidence is not yet fully established.
What is the precautionary principle?
This principle is often linked to the duty of public health professionals to prevent harm while respecting individual rights.
What is beneficence?
This is a key ethical issue in public health surveillance, where individuals are monitored without their explicit consent.
What is the right to privacy vs. the need for public safety?
Jails in the U.S. have high turnover rates, with about 11 million people cycling through annually. This leads to an increased risk of these types of diseases, often associated with overcrowded, unsanitary conditions.
What are communicable diseases (such as tuberculosis, COVID-19, and HIV)?
This global initiative, part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focuses on ensuring that all people, regardless of socioeconomic status, have access to healthcare.
What is Universal Health Coverage (UHC)?
According to the Whitehall studies, despite universal healthcare access in the UK, this social factor continues to influence health outcomes across different populations.
What is the social gradient of health?
This ethical principle requires respect for individuals’ ability to make informed decisions about their own health.
What is autonomy?
This landmark case highlighted the ethical and legal implications of balancing individual privacy with the duty to prevent harm to others in a public health context.
What is Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California?
This principle, often cited in public health, explains why over-policing and mass incarceration may increase crime by damaging social networks and community resources.
What is social cohesion theory?
This principle, embedded in international human rights law, asserts that everyone should have equal access to the highest attainable standard of health, regardless of socioeconomic status or geographic location.
What is the right to health?
This concept refers to the intersection of social, environmental, and economic conditions that affect individuals' health and opportunities, particularly in disadvantaged communities.
What are the social determinants of health?
This philosopher argued that justice is the first virtue of social institutions in public health.
Who is John Rawls?
This is the principle behind surveillance efforts that do not allow individuals to opt out, as long as public health benefits outweigh the privacy intrusion.
What is utilitarianism?
This term describes the point at which high incarceration rates begin to increase crime and destabilize communities.
What is the incarceration tipping point?
This court ruling overturned Roe v. Wade in 2022, ending the constitutional right to abortion. Upon making this decision, the Supreme Court stated that "no such right is implicitly protected by any constitutional provision."
What is Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
The passage of this major public health law in the 20th century helped establish workplace safety standards in the U.S.
What is The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)?
Norman Daniels emphasizes that healthcare's moral importance lies in its ability to protect this aspect of individuals' lives.
What is normal functioning (or ability to participate in society)?
The Nuffield Council on Bioethics stated that surveillance may be justified without consent if these three conditions are met.
What are minimal risk to individuals, public health importance, and anonymization of data?
This health crisis has been exacerbated by mass incarceration, particularly among incarcerated populations, due to limited access to healthcare and treatment in prisons.
What is the HIV/AIDS epidemic?
These six countries account for greater than 50% of Global Maternal Deaths.
What are India, Nigeria, DRC, Ethiopia, Pakistan, and Afghanistan?
This is the only country in the world not to ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
What is the United States