Cognitive factors
It refers to the process of applying previously learned knowledge or skills to new situations.
transfer
A learner of English who speaks Spanish might transfer their knowledge of similar grammar rules. Spanish and English both use the subject-verb-object word order in sentences. This makes it easier for the learner to grasp English syntax.
transfer
1) learners apply their prior knowledge, often from their native language or another learned language, incorrectly in the target language.
2) occurs when prior knowledge and skills from other languages or subjects help learners understand and learn English more easily.
negative transfer
positive transfer
A student applies knowledge of the present tense -s rule to the word "have," incorrectly saying "haves" instead of "have."
overgeneralization
This happens when a learner applies a rule too broadly, even when it doesn't apply in all situations
overgeneralization