Diet and Diabetes
This macronutrient has the most significant impact on blood glucose levels and needs to be carefully managed in diabetic patients
What is carbohydrate
This type of insulin acts quickly and is typically taken before meals to control blood sugar spikes.
What is rapid-acting insulin?
This mineral is commonly restricted in the diets of people with kidney disease to avoid fluid retention
What is sodium?
This type of medication is given to patients with renal failure to prevent high levels of phosphorus in the blood.
What are phosphate binders?
SGLT2 inhibitors can increase the risk of this type of infection due to the excess glucose being excreted in urine.
What are urinary tract infections?
Foods high in this type of carbohydrate, such as whole grains and vegetables, digest slowly and provide more stable blood glucose levels.
What is fiber
This first-line oral medication for Type 2 diabetes helps improve insulin sensitivity in the liver and muscles.
What is metformin?
High-protein diets can increase the levels of this waste product, which can be harmful for individuals with kidney disease.
What is urea?
This class of medications is often used to lower blood pressure and reduce proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease.
What are ACE inhibitors?
TZDs (thiazolidinediones), like pioglitazone, are associated with this fluid-related side effect, which can worsen heart failure.
What is edema?
This type of oil is recommended for people with diabetes due to its high content of monounsaturated fats.
What is olive oil
This type of insulin is administered once or twice a day to maintain baseline blood glucose levels.
What is basal insulin?
This mineral, often found in dairy products, may need to be limited in kidney disease to prevent bone problems.
What is phosphorous?
This medication is given to lower high potassium levels by binding potassium in the intestines and excreting it through the stool.
What is sodium polystyrene sulfonate (or Kayexalate)?
This hormone, produced by the kidneys, is often deficient in patients with renal failure, leading to anemia.
What is erythropoietin?
One serving of carbohydrates is generally equivalent to this many grams.
What is 15 grams
This type of non-insulin injectable medication mimics the effects of a hormone that helps the pancreas release insulin after meals.
What are GLP-1 receptor agonists?
This type of protein, found in animal products, is considered higher in quality but may need to be limited in renal disease.
What is a complete protein?
Patients with renal failure often need this active form of vitamin D to help manage calcium and phosphorus levels.
What is calcitriol?
Patients with renal failure and hypertension may also be prescribed this type of diuretic, which is potassium-sparing.
What is spironolactone (aldactone)?
This tool is commonly used to help people with diabetes keep track of their carbohydrate intake throughout the day.
What is a food diary (or carb counting App)
This GLP-1 receptor agonist, administered once weekly, is known for promoting weight loss in addition to controlling blood glucose levels.
What is semaglutide (ozempic)?
For patients on dialysis, protein needs increase due to losses during treatment. Recommended intake is typically how many grams per kilogram of body weight?
What is 1.2-1.5 grams/kg wt?
In emergency hyperkalemia, this short-acting medication is given intravenously to shift potassium back into the cells.
What is insulin?
Dark-colored sodas should be limited in renal diets due to their high content of this additive.
What are phosphate additives?