Prokaryotic Cells
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A simple cell with no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A more complex cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides rigid structure to cells like plant, fungi, and bacteria cells
What is cellular respiration?
The process of breaking down glucose in food to convert to ATP energy, also forming the byproducts of carbon dioxide and water (opposite cycle of photosynthesis)
Name one similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm
Name one example of a prokaryotic organism.
bacteria, archaea
Name one organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
(Answers vary)
What structure is responsible for creating ribosomes?
the nucleolus
Explain the process of photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts in plant cells capture sunlight energy and use the energy to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water
Describe one difference in DNA structure between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Eukaryotic- organized into chromosomes inside the nucleus
Prokaryotic- floating in the nucleoid
What is the primary function of the cell wall in prokaryotes?
Transport of materials in and out of the cell
What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
Manages cell functions, holds DNA
Describe the role of ribosomes in cells.
Assemble protein from amino acids
How do cells maintain homeostasis?
Regulating temperature, nutrients, and water in the cells to help maintain a balance
What is the significance of cell size in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic is smaller and less complex than eukaryotic cells.
How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?
binary fission
How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells?
Pro = no, Eu = do. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells.
What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesize complex carbohydrates and lipids.
What is the role of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
Provides structure for the cell
How do the functions of ribosomes differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
They still produce protein in both cells, but the ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are simpler.
What is the significance of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?
Plasmids help with metabolic processes
Explain the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.
Break down glucose to release ATP energy
How do lysosomes contribute to cellular function?
They break down old or damaged cell parts and waste
How do cells communicate with each other?
Sending chemical signals
Compare and contrast the life cycles of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Pro= asexual, eu= asexual and sexual reproduction, depending