court structure
• Definition: A court that reviews decisions made by lower courts to determine if legal errors were made. It can uphold, reverse, or modify those decisions.
Appeals Court
• Definition: Laws that define crimes and set out punishments for people who commit them. It deals with offenses against society.
Criminal Law
• Definition: A discussion between parties to reach a mutual agreement without going to court.
Negotiation
• Definition: The principle that everyone must follow the law, and laws should be applied fairly to all.
Rule of Law
• Definition: Section 91 of the British North America Act, which lists the powers assigned to the federal government in Canada.
BNA Act (s. 91)
• Definition: A court that deals with minor civil disputes involving small amounts of money. It's less formal and often doesn't require lawyers.
Small Claims Court
• Definition: Also known as civil law; it governs relationships between individuals and organizations, such as contracts and property disputes.
Private Law
• Definition: A process where a neutral third party, called an arbitrator, hears both sides and makes a binding decision to resolve a dispute.
2. Arbitration
• Definition: A previous court decision that serves as a rule or example for future similar cases.
Precedent
• Definition: Section 92 of the British North America Act, which lists the powers assigned to the provincial governments in Canada.
BNA Act (s. 92)
• Definition: The legal team representing the government in a criminal case, aiming to prove the defendant is guilty.
Prosecution
• Definition: Laws that govern the relationship between individuals and the government, including constitutional, administrative, and criminal law.
Public Law
• Definition: A process where a neutral person, the mediator, helps disputing parties find a mutually acceptable solution.
Mediation
• Definition: The standard of proof in civil cases; it means that one side's argument is more likely true than not.
3. Balance of Probability
• Definition: Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution that are given to the federal government.
Residual Powers
• Definition: A court that deals with minor civil disputes involving small amounts of money. It's less formal and often doesn't require lawyers.
Small Claims Court
• Definition: Law that controls how government agencies operate and make decisions. It ensures they act within their
Administrative Law
• Definition: A court proceeding where a judge decides if there is enough evidence for a criminal case to go to trial.
Preliminary Hearing
• Definition: The standard of proof in criminal cases; the evidence must fully convince the court of the defendant's guilt.
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
• Definition: Powers and responsibilities held by the federal (national) government.
National Powers
• Definition: The person accused of a crime in criminal court or being sued in civil court.
Defendant
• Definition: Law that deals with interpreting and applying the constitution, including rights and the structure of government.
5. Constitutional Law
• Definition: A legal process where a group of citizens (the jury) listens to the evidence and decides the outcome of a case.
Trial by Jury
• Definition: When someone acts carelessly without regard for the safety of others, resulting in harm or death.
Criminal Negligence
• Definition: Powers and responsibilities held by regional (provincial or territorial) governments.
Regional Powers