PT role in nutrition
Why is it important for PTs to know nutritional information?
Nutrition affects a person’s daily life and physical activity. Discuss therapeutic considerations with other health care providers for that patient. Many reasons for understanding nutrition!
SGLT1 is what type of transporter moving glucose across cell membranes against its concentration gradient
Na-glucose co-transporter
Anaerobic pyruvate metabolism occurs in the ______________, while aerobic pyruvate metabolism occurs in the _____________.
cell cytosol, mitochondrial matrix
Triglycerides within chylomicrons are broken down by ________ to ___________.
lipoprotein lipase (LPL); free fatty acids, glycerol, and chylomicron remnants
Two sources of amino acids
protein breakdown & diet
A person receives energy released from complete oxidation of a food source. What is this energy called?
Free Energy
GLUT5 is insulin _______. GLUT4 is insulin ______.
Independent, dependent
Function of pyruvate dehydrogenase
The PDH oxidizes pyruvate into an acetyl group (that becomes acetyl CoA) and CO₂. This reaction generates NADH and a H+/ proton.
Direct yields of beta oxidation (double points: place where beta oxidation occurs)
2-C acyl units (converted to acetyl coA after) as well as 1 NADH & 1 FADH2 for each acyl unit; mitochondrial matrix
What are the two end products of deamination?
ammonia & an organic acid
True or False: It is within the professional scope of physical therapist practice to screen for and provide information on diet and nutritional issues.
True
Galactose and fructose use ________ to move into hepatocytes where they are interconverted to substances that can enter _________
GLUT5, glycolysis
Two options at the completion of the citric acid cycle
if there is a need for ATP, electrons move through the electron transport chain to generate 28-30 ATPs. if there is sufficient energy in the body, the CAC will slow down and its intermediates (citrate) will be transferred out to the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis.
This transporter (primarily stored in skeletal m.) promotes the inhibition of glycolysis, which allows for an increase in fatty acid metabolism
Carnitine
Ammonia and ammonium are byproducts of the breakdown of proteins and are converted to ______ in the _________.
urea; liver
True or False: All states have the same laws regarding licensing requirements to perform individualized nutrition counseling with patients
False
What traps glucose inside muscle cells in an irreversible reaction?
phosphate
After you have eaten a meal with excess calories, insulin will dominate by stimulating which pathways?
Glycogenesis, Lipogenesis, Glycolysis
You have a 16-Carbon fatty acyl-CoA, this is how many beta oxidation cycles it will undergo
[(N/2)-1] = [(16/2)-1] = 7
What is a BUN value and what organ does it provide information about?
Blood Urea Nitrogen; indicator of renal function
List 3 conditions you may come across as a PT that deal with nutrition
Metabolic syndrome, cushing’s disease, gout, diabetic ketoacidosis (or just diabetes), phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, eating disorders, chronic pain, wilson’s disease, bariatric surgery, skeletal muscle insulin resistance, prader-willi syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, complications with insulin, malnutrition
Where is glucose phosphorylation reversible using glucose phosphatase?
Liver
Net yield per glucose molecule in citric acid cycle
4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
This lipolysis product can be fed into the liver as a substrate for gluconeogenesis.
glycerol
2 precursors (non-hexose sources) that the liver can use to produce glucose in gluconeogenesis? (double for all 4)
Lactate & pyruvate, citric acid cycle intermediates, 18/20 amino acids (not leucine or lysine), glycerol