Fluid Volume Overload
Important client education
What is keeping track of daily weights, I & Os, and sodium intake?
Elevated lab values
What is hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum osmolality and BUN?
The first intervention for hyperkalemia
IV Dextrose and Insulin
Opiate toxicity
What is respiratory acidosis
Calcium Gluconate
What do you give for EKG changes related to hyperkalemia?
An indicator of fluid volume status
What are daily weights important?
Safety precautions
What is assisting with ambulation, assessing for lightheadedness and dizziness and encouraging the client to dangle their legs at the side of the bed?
Initiation of seizure precautions, headache, lethargy
What is hyponatremia?
A patient presents with a pH of 7.30, PaCO2 of 50 mmHg, and HCO3- of 24 mEq/L.
What is respiratory acidosis
Crackles
What is a symptom of hypervolemia/ fluid volume excess?
Jugular veins
What is distended?
Sodium Chloride (O.9% NaCl)
What is the IV fluid choice for symptomatic dehydration?
Tall peaked T waves, ST depression, shortening of the QT interval
What is hyperkalemia?
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis has a pH of 7.20, PaCO2 of 35 mmHg, and HCO3- of 15 mEq/L.
What is metabolic acidosis?
Decreased skin turgor
What is a symptom of hypovolemia/fluid volume deficit
Blood pressure changes
What is hypertension?
Causes of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances
What is diarrhea, vomiting, sweat, diuretic use, nasogastric suction, hemorrhage, diabetes insipidus, diabetic ketoacidosis and adrenal insufficiency?
Abdominal discomfort, nonspecific joint and bone and aches, decreased deep tendon reflexes
What is hypercalcemia?
pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L
What is respiratory alkalosis?
The reason for elevated BUN and creatinine
What is renal failure?
Medical Emergency
What is hypervolemic shock?
Hypotonic Fluids (0.45% NaCl, 5% D5W)
What fluids may worsen hypotension and causes hyponatremia?
Irritability, hypotension, tetany
What is hypochloremia?
excessive loss of CO2 due to hyperventilation, resulting in an increase in pH.
What is respiratory alkalosis?
Diffusion
What is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?