Brain Functions
This part of the brain is responsible for regulating heart rate and breathing
What is Medulla
This stage of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements and is when most vivid dreams occur.
What is REM Sleep
This category of drugs includes caffeine and nicotine and increases central nervous system activity.
What is Stimulants
These photoreceptors in the retina are responsible for color vision and work best in bright light.
What are Cones
This insulating layer around axons speeds up the transmission of neural impulses
what is the Myelin Sheath
This brain structure acts as a relay station for sensory information (except smell).
This sleep disorder causes individuals to stop breathing temporarily throughout the night.
What is Sleep Apnea
This type of drug alters perceptions and may produce hallucinations.
What is Hallucinogens
This part of the eye focuses light onto the retina.
What is the Lens
This type of neuron carries messages from the senses to the spinal cord and brain.
What are sensory neurons
Known as the "master gland," this gland influences growth and controls other endocrine glands.
What is the Pituitary Gland
This hormone, produced by the pineal gland, regulates sleep-wake cycles.
What is Melatonin
Alcohol primarily acts as this type of drug, which depresses central nervous system activity.
What is Depressant
This theory explains color vision as the interaction of opposing pairs of cones.
What is opponent-process theory
This neurotransmitter is often associated with mood regulation, and a deficiency is linked to depression.
What is serotonin
This part of the limbic system is involved in processing emotions like fear and aggression.
Sleep, particularly REM, is believed to play a critical role in this process
What is Memory Consolidation
This neurotransmitter, associated with reward and pleasure, is often affected by addictive drugs.
What is Dopamine
The experience of pain is influenced by this theory, which suggests that spinal "gates" open and close to regulate pain signals.
What is Gate Control Theory
This is the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life
What is Brain Plasticity
This area of the brain is responsible for producing spoken language and is located in the left frontal lobe.
What is Broca's Area
A sleep disorder described as acting out dreams, as muscle paralysis during REM is incomplete.
What is REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
This class of drugs, including morphine and heroin, is known for its pain-relieving effects and high potential for addiction.
Smell is the only sense that skips the Thalamus and is processed directly by this structure
What is the Olfactory Bulb
Much of the research regarding the function of brain areas has been gathered from case studies of individuals with brain injury or disease because
What is ethical considerations